Question: a. Let D be a dummy variable equal to 1 if the subject was given the spiderhuman serum. What is the numerical value of E(

 a. Let D be a dummy variable equal to 1 if

a. Let D be a dummy variable equal to 1 if the subject was given the spiderhuman serum. What is the numerical value of E( Y [D = 1)? What does E ( YT[D = 1) stand for, using words? Is this observable or not observable in the data

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