A low$-$cost advantage over rivals can be achieved by

offering a frills$-$free product and achieving the lowest possible costs per unit sold.

paying the lowest wages and salaries in the industry so as to keep labor costs per unit sold low and keeping advertising and

other marketing expenses to a bare minimum.

offering a limited number of models and styles, keeping R&D expenses to a minimum, avoiding debt $($so as to minimize interes costs$),$ spending minimally on advertising and promotion activities, and developing state$-$of$-$the$-$art cost drivers.