A low$-$cost advantage over rivals can be achieved by

paying the lowest wages and salaries in the industry so as to keep labor costs per unit sold low and keeping advertising and other marketing expenses to a bare minimum.

offering a limited number of models and styles, keeping R&D expenses to a minimum, avoiding debt $($so as to minimize interest costs$),$ spending minimally on advertising and promotion activities, and developing state$-$of$-$the$-$art cost drivers.

performing value chain activities more cost$-$effectively than rivals and revamping the firm's overall value chain to eliminate or bypass some cost$-$producing activities.

offering a frills$-$free product and achieving the lowest possible costs per unit sold.

concentrating on efficient performance of primary value chain activities and outsourcing all support activities.