a. Name the Eco-scientist who has taken this initiative?

b. What is LMMA?

c. What is MIHARI? What role it plays in local environment conservation?

d. Which SDG goals are met through this initiative?

e. What is your understanding of Plato's tragedy of Commons? How this concept finds relativity with the case given? How essentially it got addressed in the case? Comment.

 

f. Refer the link : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58303792 and state how TNSF and the Triple Bottom Line could play a role here. Explain.

 

Transcribed Image Text:

article on sustainable developme X 1 of 1 Q PDF article on sustainable developme X + > File | C:/Users/Adity/OneDrive/Desktop/article%20on%20sustainable%20development.pdf + CD Page view | A Read aloud T Add text Draw Highlight Erase 50 'Madagascar's small fisherfolk respect the sea-they strive to protect ocean life' Vatosoa Rakotondrazafy is president of the bound of trustees of Madagascar's Mihari network which empowers small- scale fisherfolk communities to contribute towards sustaining marine life. Vitosoa, who won the prestigious Whitley Award in 2010 for her conservation efforts, shares her perspective with Times Evoke on how such fisherfolk save marine ecosystems, their in-depth knowledge of the sous and why it is important to respect the oceans which sustain so many The Mihari network extends over nearly 5,000 kilome tres of my country's islan die evastline. It brings together thousands of small scale fisherfolk with NGOS government and other stakeholders. We share a common aim restoration of and r's marine resourves One of the most crucial steps Mihari has taken towards this is encouraging sustainable fishing and small-scale I have fs. This been the greatest is important, given that these com munities are so dependent on fishing for their livelihoods and survival. Many of them have not received for mal educations sand have lacked the opportunity to work in other sectors Yet, despite the challenges this holds out for them, they lead the effort to conserve the life of the edge of the sea which small-scale fisherfolk huve They are not trained in scientific disci- plines but they know a great deal about ma rine life they know the ocean's currents, COASTLINE OF MADAGASCAR Andranovondronina p A TIDE OF HOPE 85% global fish stocks are fully exploited or depleted-marine degradation grew between the 1950s and 1990s, driven by Industrial-scale fishing 2 bet for Consumers now eat four times as much fish relative to 1950- da sin all large fish species, like sharks and tuna, have declined by 90% shi RT Antalaha we lar Mahajanga Maintirano ( Toamasina Morondavai Manakara Taolagnaro Tollara GUARDIANS OF THE SEA: Over 5,00,000 traditional fisherfolk rely on Madagascar's marine resources for their livelihoods with the Mihari network, many help to conserve these across the East African island nation by deep respect for the sea. They oping only need to be suitably empowered maintvelihoods and save the octopus- to help conserve marine life. The Mihari network, which spans over 200 community associa tions. tributinats in folk con manage ment of Madagascar's marine. resources. We build their capacity. TIMOS in fisheries manage ment and its leader ship and communica evoke on. We help them its winds, its weather, what its differ ent colours mean. They understand the science of the sea, including how marine ecosystems support each other and why different species live in diverse habitats. These fisherfolk are truly the guardians of the sea. In their approach to the ocean, there is a marked difference between small fisher communities and indus trial fishing groups. In Madagascar. we say 'small fisherfolk live with the sea they rely on it for their liveli- hoods, but they also love it deeply. They understand how the sea chang- es over time and the signs by which the ocean communicates to us. The sea is an unending part of their shared and cherished over generations. For industrial fishing fleets, there is no such relationship -It's an exploitation-oriented econ- omy, driven only by profits. The small-scale fisherfolk are inspired find alternative live lihoods, so that they don't rely only on fishing we place them in sec tors like aquaculture and tourism. We also empower them to put in local rules governing marine resources these include fisheries closures or bans on unsustainable fishing practices which are respect- ed by all the communities in the associations. Sometimes, an area has a three month-long closure period for fishing-our effort is to ensure that these fisherfolk, who unfailingly follow these rules, don't suffer for livelihoods at that time. Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAS) have been a very helpful strategy. LMMAs were first estab lished in the Pacific in the 1990s. We replicated this model in 2004-05-we have over 200LMMAScar now. These are areas by coastal communities directly, which work at mangrove restoration, devel e necessary conven tions for sustainable ecosystems. Government contracts are often given for practices like mangrove protection in these locations. NGOs also support these communities by introducing them to livelihoods like aquaculture, growing algae or farm- ing. LMMAS put these communities at the centre of conservation-and Madagascar's marine resources have benefitted from this approach. Interestingly, LMMAS in Mada- gascar developed around an effort to WELLS OF PLENTY: Madagascar's fisherfolk preserve mangroves which are storm barriers and fish reservoirs we started with creating an octopus reserve in the southern region. Fishing communi ties worked hard to conserve dwin dling octopus numbers and slowly with their care and restraint, the population of c of octopuses b s began to grow. The recovery of this species has been a great success story brought about by small fisherfolk. Similarly fisherfolk have worked to restore coastal mangroves with healthy mangroves, there has been a return. of shrimps, crabs, lobsters and mack erel, which are then further helped by the fishing bans maintained through certain months by LMMAS The ocean is a precious resource and we should all be thankful to it. It is deeply cultural for our fisherfolk communities, who pray to it and con- duct rituals based around the seas. But the benefits of clean and healthy seas encompass us all. Millions of people worldwide are sustained by economic activities drawing on the seas. Yet, we don't respect the sea enough. The amount of plastic pollu tion in the seas, for instance, has grown exponentially This is deeply worrying for plastic chokes all ocean life. We must work harder towards keeping the oceans plastic-free. If we are even able to breathe, it is due to the thriving life of the seas. As Miharl shows us, small fisherfolk to protect such ma work diligently their efforts to rine life Fish stocks fell by 95% from the 1950s in the South China Sea while over 25% of EU fish catch is now made outside European waters, including in West Africa where trawlers catch hundreds of thousands of fish daily- coastal fisheries in West Africa have shrunk by 50% in 30 years However, over 10% marine species are also recovering from nes-scientists population o say with eco-sensitive policies. multiple marine life populations could even be restored by 2050 A successful strategy is giving local fisherfolk responsibility reserves-locations d fro to New Zealand, have become twice as likely to avoid collapse as open access fisheries A simple strategy to save seabirds an in part of marine ecosystems-is attaching flapping streamers to boats. This has reduced seabird losses in s s in such locations by 99% Another strategy is to halt fishing over months-in 2004, Andavadoaka village in OCEAN'S EIGHT: The octopus has eight limbs and 300 species southwest Madagascar closed part of its fishing grounds for seven months. This produced 700% higher octopus stocks re te Q Search 43 0 Scanned with CamScanner article on sustainable developme X 1 of 1 Q PDF article on sustainable developme X + > File | C:/Users/Adity/OneDrive/Desktop/article%20on%20sustainable%20development.pdf + CD Page view | A Read aloud T Add text Draw Highlight Erase 50 'Madagascar's small fisherfolk respect the sea-they strive to protect ocean life' Vatosoa Rakotondrazafy is president of the bound of trustees of Madagascar's Mihari network which empowers small- scale fisherfolk communities to contribute towards sustaining marine life. Vitosoa, who won the prestigious Whitley Award in 2010 for her conservation efforts, shares her perspective with Times Evoke on how such fisherfolk save marine ecosystems, their in-depth knowledge of the sous and why it is important to respect the oceans which sustain so many The Mihari network extends over nearly 5,000 kilome tres of my country's islan die evastline. It brings together thousands of small scale fisherfolk with NGOS government and other stakeholders. We share a common aim restoration of and r's marine resourves One of the most crucial steps Mihari has taken towards this is encouraging sustainable fishing and small-scale I have fs. This been the greatest is important, given that these com munities are so dependent on fishing for their livelihoods and survival. Many of them have not received for mal educations sand have lacked the opportunity to work in other sectors Yet, despite the challenges this holds out for them, they lead the effort to conserve the life of the edge of the sea which small-scale fisherfolk huve They are not trained in scientific disci- plines but they know a great deal about ma rine life they know the ocean's currents, COASTLINE OF MADAGASCAR Andranovondronina p A TIDE OF HOPE 85% global fish stocks are fully exploited or depleted-marine degradation grew between the 1950s and 1990s, driven by Industrial-scale fishing 2 bet for Consumers now eat four times as much fish relative to 1950- da sin all large fish species, like sharks and tuna, have declined by 90% shi RT Antalaha we lar Mahajanga Maintirano ( Toamasina Morondavai Manakara Taolagnaro Tollara GUARDIANS OF THE SEA: Over 5,00,000 traditional fisherfolk rely on Madagascar's marine resources for their livelihoods with the Mihari network, many help to conserve these across the East African island nation by deep respect for the sea. They oping only need to be suitably empowered maintvelihoods and save the octopus- to help conserve marine life. The Mihari network, which spans over 200 community associa tions. tributinats in folk con manage ment of Madagascar's marine. resources. We build their capacity. TIMOS in fisheries manage ment and its leader ship and communica evoke on. We help them its winds, its weather, what its differ ent colours mean. They understand the science of the sea, including how marine ecosystems support each other and why different species live in diverse habitats. These fisherfolk are truly the guardians of the sea. In their approach to the ocean, there is a marked difference between small fisher communities and indus trial fishing groups. In Madagascar. we say 'small fisherfolk live with the sea they rely on it for their liveli- hoods, but they also love it deeply. They understand how the sea chang- es over time and the signs by which the ocean communicates to us. The sea is an unending part of their shared and cherished over generations. For industrial fishing fleets, there is no such relationship -It's an exploitation-oriented econ- omy, driven only by profits. The small-scale fisherfolk are inspired find alternative live lihoods, so that they don't rely only on fishing we place them in sec tors like aquaculture and tourism. We also empower them to put in local rules governing marine resources these include fisheries closures or bans on unsustainable fishing practices which are respect- ed by all the communities in the associations. Sometimes, an area has a three month-long closure period for fishing-our effort is to ensure that these fisherfolk, who unfailingly follow these rules, don't suffer for livelihoods at that time. Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAS) have been a very helpful strategy. LMMAs were first estab lished in the Pacific in the 1990s. We replicated this model in 2004-05-we have over 200LMMAScar now. These are areas by coastal communities directly, which work at mangrove restoration, devel e necessary conven tions for sustainable ecosystems. Government contracts are often given for practices like mangrove protection in these locations. NGOs also support these communities by introducing them to livelihoods like aquaculture, growing algae or farm- ing. LMMAS put these communities at the centre of conservation-and Madagascar's marine resources have benefitted from this approach. Interestingly, LMMAS in Mada- gascar developed around an effort to WELLS OF PLENTY: Madagascar's fisherfolk preserve mangroves which are storm barriers and fish reservoirs we started with creating an octopus reserve in the southern region. Fishing communi ties worked hard to conserve dwin dling octopus numbers and slowly with their care and restraint, the population of c of octopuses b s began to grow. The recovery of this species has been a great success story brought about by small fisherfolk. Similarly fisherfolk have worked to restore coastal mangroves with healthy mangroves, there has been a return. of shrimps, crabs, lobsters and mack erel, which are then further helped by the fishing bans maintained through certain months by LMMAS The ocean is a precious resource and we should all be thankful to it. It is deeply cultural for our fisherfolk communities, who pray to it and con- duct rituals based around the seas. But the benefits of clean and healthy seas encompass us all. Millions of people worldwide are sustained by economic activities drawing on the seas. Yet, we don't respect the sea enough. The amount of plastic pollu tion in the seas, for instance, has grown exponentially This is deeply worrying for plastic chokes all ocean life. We must work harder towards keeping the oceans plastic-free. If we are even able to breathe, it is due to the thriving life of the seas. As Miharl shows us, small fisherfolk to protect such ma work diligently their efforts to rine life Fish stocks fell by 95% from the 1950s in the South China Sea while over 25% of EU fish catch is now made outside European waters, including in West Africa where trawlers catch hundreds of thousands of fish daily- coastal fisheries in West Africa have shrunk by 50% in 30 years However, over 10% marine species are also recovering from nes-scientists population o say with eco-sensitive policies. multiple marine life populations could even be restored by 2050 A successful strategy is giving local fisherfolk responsibility reserves-locations d fro to New Zealand, have become twice as likely to avoid collapse as open access fisheries A simple strategy to save seabirds an in part of marine ecosystems-is attaching flapping streamers to boats. This has reduced seabird losses in s s in such locations by 99% Another strategy is to halt fishing over months-in 2004, Andavadoaka village in OCEAN'S EIGHT: The octopus has eight limbs and 300 species southwest Madagascar closed part of its fishing grounds for seven months. This produced 700% higher octopus stocks re te Q Search 43 0 Scanned with CamScanner