$($a$)$ When the beam is subjected to pure bending, where does the maximum magnitude of the bending stress occur?

$($b$)$ Is stress concentration effect significant for ductile and$/$or brittle materials in dynamic loading?

$($c$)$ Identify$/$locate the eccentricity, centroidal axis and neutral axis in the figure below?

$($d$)$ Is the transverse shear stress important for regular$/$common cross$-$section beams $($circular$/$solid section$),$ if the length to height ratio is greater than $10?$ If so$,$ why, or why not?

$($e$)$ What type of fatigue model is ideal for low cycle domain?

$($f$)$ What type of bands lead to crack nucleation?

$($g$)$ Name the marin factors?

$($h$)$ What is the range of stress ratio?