Affirmative action programs $($AAPS$)$

A $$ have been in effect since the beginning of the twentieth century

B $$ correct underutilization of qualified members of protected groups in an organization's relevant labor market

C $$ are governed by state agencies

D $$ require that all private$-$sector companies who have more than five employees hire members from protected groups

E $$ specify the employee hiring and firing practices for all private$-$sector companies