BIOL 127 Final Exam Study Guide Chapters 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 The exam will be worth 150 points and will have the following format: - Multiple choice questions, 5 each from the 9 chapters, 2 points each. (Total: 90 points). These will be general vocabulary and basic concept questions. Consult the terminology lists and chapter summaries in each chapter for help with these. - Matching, 1 question worth 15 points. Possible topics listed below alongside essay questions. - Short (200-400 words) essay questions, 3 questions worth 15 points each. (Total: 45 points}. Possible topics for essay questions and matching question include: - Describe geographic, mechanical, and ecological isolation and how these can lead to the rise of new plant species - Describe the major lines of evidence for evolution - Explain the reasons for recognizing more than two kingdoms of living organisms - Be able to describe the alternation of generations in bryophytes and ferns - Provide an accurate definition of fossils and explain how they are formed - Diagram the life cycle of a gymnosperm and angiosperm - Describe the differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms - Describe how pine leaves (needles) enable them to survive harsh climates - Be able to describe the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle - Describe human uses of plants other than for food and give examples - Trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem, starting with the sun - Briefly describe the ways that humans negatively influence plant communities - List and describe the major biomes of the world Not all of these will be used, but if you can answer these all comfortably you should do well on the matching and essay portions of the exam (and possibly other parts of the exam as well since you will be familiar with basic concepts and terminology)