$($c$)$ Several factors need to be considered when predicting the product$($s$)$ of heteroaromatic substitution reactions. For the reaction shown below, draw the structure of the expected product$($s$),$ state the type of reaction that is occurring and briefly explain the reason for any directing effect that occurs.

$($d$)$ For the two reactions shown below, draw the structure of the expected product$($s$)$ and identify the type of reaction that is occurring.