$($c$)$ Several factors need to be considered when predicting the product$($s$)$ of heteroaromatic substitution reactions.

For the reaction shown below:

Draw the structure of the expected product$($s$)$

State the type of reaction that is occurring and

Briefly explain the reason for any directing effects that occur.

$($d$)$ Heterocycles account for over half of all known organic compounds. Outline the main aspects that should be considered when designing a synthesis of a heterocyclic compound.