3. It has been mentioned that gaseous reactions are more suitably carried out on a commercial scale in flow equipment than in batch reactors. Consider the following example. Watson has studied the thermal (noncatalytic) cracking of butenes at 1 atm pressure in a flow reactor. The rate equation determined from his experimental data is 60,000 log k = - 4575T + 15.27 Where k= butenes cracked, g mol/(h)(liter)(atm), and T is in degrees Kelvin. Although the feed consists of a number of different butenes and the products vary from coke to butadiene, the irreversible reaction may be considered first order, C4H C4H6+ H It is desired to crack butenes in a batch-type reactor which will operate at 1200F and will be equipped for efficient agitation. The initial charge to the reactor will consist of 1lb mole of butenes 101b moles of steam. Under these conditions the change in total moles during the course of the reaction can be neglected. (a) Determine the time required for a conversion of 30% of the butenes. (b) Determine the reactor volume required. (c) Suppose that the initial charge consists of 10 moles of steam per mole of hydrocarbon, as before, but this time the hydrocarbon contains 60 mol % butene and 40% butadiene. The butadiene may undergo two reactions: cracking and polymerization to the dimer. Assuming that the rates of these reactions are known, outline a method of determining the conversion of butenes and of of butadiene for a given reaction time.