Consider a program that includes non data-instructions and data-instructions (loads/stores).

Assume:

Instruction cache miss rate is 5%,

Cache miss rate for accessing data (operands) of data-instructions is 10%,

The frequency of non data-instructions is 67%.

Non data-instructions and data-instructions require 1 and 2 memory accesses (references), respec-tively. A data-instruction needs 2 memory accesses, one to access the instruction and one to access the data.

CPI of an instruction without any memory stall, i.e. cache hit, is 4 clock cycles.

Miss penalty is 12 clock cycles for each cache miss.

Answer the following questions:

a. What is the execution time of the idealistic program, i.e. the program with a perfect cache that

never misses?

b. What is the execution time of the realistic program, i.e. the program that incurs misses?

c. What is the overall speedup of the idealistic program with respect to the realistic program?

Note: You should treat the miss rates for data and instructions separately, i.e. do not average the miss

rates.