Question: Consider the following mutual-authentication protocol, using shared key k and a (secure) block cipher (E, D): 1. Alice sends NA to Bob. 2. Bob replies

Consider the following mutual-authentication protocol, using shared key k and a (secure) block cipher (E, D):

1. Alice sends NA to Bob.

2. Bob replies with NB, Ek(NA).

3. Alice completes the handshake by sending Ek(NB Ek(NA)).

Show an attack against this protocol, and identify design principles violated by the protocol (allowing such attacks).

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