Determine whether the statement below is true or false. If it is false, explain why it is false.

a. Ethos is about the authority and trustworthiness of the persuaders. It is a sender-based phenomenon. It all depends on what special qualifications or status, and also the track record the sender holds. As long as the sender has strong and solid qualifications background and positive goodwill, he/she is deemed to be able to create powerful ethos in his/her persuasion.

b. In virtue approach, the ethical duties and rules of a person are not the key. Instead, it looks at the moral character of person in the related action. People who take virtue approach do not consider the consequences of a particular behavior. For example, a salesperson cheats on a customer by selling a fake product. The customer questions the salesperson, Is this the kind of person you want to be? Does the profit matter more to you than your integrity? Your integrity is more important for sure. The customer is emphasizing virtue ethics.

c. From a result oriented perspective, if the persuader has strong power in a relationship, then persuasion skills become less important because the persuadee tends to take an accommodation strategy and accept the persuaders request. Therefore, a smart persuader should develop his/her power in a personal relationship while enhancing his/her persuasion skills.

d. Anson goes undercover as a Singaporean mafia member. To gain the trust of a man named Tommy, Anson speaks with a Singaporean accent, and try to imitate the Singlish language. He also changes his living style. He acted like the Singaporean, e.g. drink ground coffee and added with either condensed milk, evaporated milk and/or sugar. After a period of time, Anson is able to get close to Tommy and do a series of investigations. This case is an application of Law of Social Validation.

e. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is about information processing. It advises the receivers to give thoughtful consideration in processing information when their motivation and ability to understand the discussed topic are high. It is named as central route processing. When the receivers are lack of motivation and ability to understand the topic, then they are suggested to use peripheral route to process the information by ELM.

f. When someones attitudes conflict with his/her action, attitudes or beliefs, he/she will be uncomfortable and feel internal pressure to act consistently with their belief and attitudes. This refers to Law of Contrast.