Determining a Standard Time for a Task That Includes a Machine Cycle

The snapback timing method was used in a direct time studv of a task that includes a machine cycle: Elements $a,b,c,$ and d are performed by the operator, and ele olgnt $m$ is a machine semiautomatic cycle. Element $b$ is an internal element performed simultareously with element $m,$ and element $d$ is an irregular element performed once every $15$ cycles. $$ bserved times and performance ratings are given in the table below. The PFD allowance factor is $15\%,$ and the machine allowance is $20\%.$ Determine $($a$)$ the normal time and $($b$)$ the standard time for the work cycle.

$]=[$ Tows. Worker element $,a,b,c,d$