Economic Evaluation Problem An article in JAMA by Mandelblatt et al (2002) compared the societal costs and benefits of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, Pap testing, and their combination to screen for cervical cancer. The paper studied 18 different population screening strategies Pap testing alone, HPV testing alone, and Pap plus HPV testing - every 2 or 3 years for women beginning at age 20 and continuing to 65 years, 75 years, and death. The following table summarizes some of the results (low cost to high cost). Costs include screening and treatment costs, discounted over the individual's expected lifetime. Cost ($) Incremental Incremental Cost QALY ICER* Strategy O. No screening 1. Pap every 3 years to age 75 2. HPV every 3 years to age 75 3. Pap every 2 years to age 75 4. Pap + HPV every 3 years to age 75 5. HPV every 2 years to age 75 6. Pap + HPV every 2 years to 5,000 6,825 6,950 7,275 QALYS Saved 26.87 27.02 27.02 27.04 7,400 27.04 7,450 27.04 7,925 27.05 age 75 Economic Evaluation Problem An article in JAMA by Mandelblatt et al (2002) compared the societal costs and benefits of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, Pap testing, and their combination to screen for cervical cancer. The paper studied 18 different population screening strategies Pap testing alone, HPV testing alone, and Pap plus HPV testing - every 2 or 3 years for women beginning at age 20 and continuing to 65 years, 75 years, and death. The following table summarizes some of the results (low cost to high cost). Costs include screening and treatment costs, discounted over the individual's expected lifetime. Cost ($) Incremental Incremental Cost QALY ICER* Strategy O. No screening 1. Pap every 3 years to age 75 2. HPV every 3 years to age 75 3. Pap every 2 years to age 75 4. Pap + HPV every 3 years to age 75 5. HPV every 2 years to age 75 6. Pap + HPV every 2 years to 5,000 6,825 6,950 7,275 QALYS Saved 26.87 27.02 27.02 27.04 7,400 27.04 7,450 27.04 7,925 27.05 age 75