Given the previous analyses based on the observed inter-arrival times between the orders and the times to process them (see the two spreadsheets provided in the previous questions), the site manager hopes to estimate the average number of outstanding orders by modelling the operational process as a waiting line system. Please note that the outstanding orders do not include the orders being processed by the shoppers, but they only include the orders that are received and waiting to be processed. The following diagram illustrates the waiting line model. Tasks: Shopping Checkout & moving to staging area and coming back) i Tasks: Shopping Checkout & moving to staging area (and coming back) Incoming orders Outstanding orders Outstanding orders are assigned to in-store shoppers once they complete their current order Tasks: Shopping Checkout & moving to staging area (and coming back) With 11 in-store shoppers, what is the average number of outstanding orders based on the Pollaczek-Khinchine formula? Note: 1. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. 2. Please make use of the two spreadsheets appeared in previous questions to perform the required calculations. Some of the intermediate results may already be available from earlier questions. However, please make sure that they are correct as they may affect the correctness of your answer to the current question. Time of picking items Order # (minutes) #1 27 Time fo checkout and moving to the staging area (minutes) 7 4 6 5 #2 13 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 #20 #21 #22 #23 #24 #25 10 17 25 12 7 26 37 18 19 33 14 26 31 23 39 14 60 41 29 19 34 21 36 25 12 2 11 37 18 19 33 14 26 31 23 14 4 20 11 11 5 9 6 15 N 3 4 GO 9 1 Interarrival_times_(minutes) 2.8 3 6.4 3.5 5 0.1 6 1.5 7 3.3 8 0.8 7.1 10 0.8 11 1.2 12 0.1 13 12.8 14 8.1 3.7 16 3.6 8.1 18 4.1 19 0.7 20 2.7 21 5.2 22 3.3 23 0.5 0.6 25 10 15 17 to 24 26