"How does the process of distillation separate components in a mixture? Explain using the concept of boiling points and vapor$-$liquid equilibrium. Additionally, discuss how the design of a distillation column influences separation efficiency. Finally, provide an example of a real$-$world application where distillation is utilized to purify substances."

"How does the process of distillation separate components in a mixture? Explain using the concept of boiling points and vapor$-$liquid equilibrium. Additionally, discuss how the design of a distillation column influences separation efficiency. Finally, provide an example of a real$-$world application where distillation is utilized to purify substances."

"How does the process of distillation separate components in a mixture? Explain using the concept of boiling points and vapor$-$liquid equilibrium. Additionally, discuss how the design of a distillation column influences separation efficiency. Finally, provide an example of a real$-$world application where distillation is utilized to purify substances."

"How does the process of distillation separate components in a mixture? Explain using the concept of boiling points and vapor$-$liquid equilibrium. Additionally, discuss how the design of a distillation column influences separation efficiency. Finally, provide an example of a real$-$world application where distillation is utilized to purify substances."