${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{i}s\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{m}\text{o}\text{s}\text{t}\text{e}\text{f}\text{f}\text{e}\text{c}\text{t}\text{i}\text{v}\text{e}\text{w}\text{a}\text{y}to\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{r}\text{i}\text{s}\text{k}\text{a}\text{n}\text{a}\text{l}\text{y}\text{s}\text{i}\text{s}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{a}\text{s}\text{s}\text{i}\text{g}\text{n}\text{c}\text{o}\text{n}\text{t}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{e}\text{n}\text{c}\text{y}\text{.}}$

$a.$ Examining bell curve distributions

$b.$ Involving the project management team

$c.$ Reviewing specifications

$d.$ Performing a neural network analysis