##include

#include

using namespace std;

int sum;

const int num$\_$threads $=4$;

void foo$($int val$)\{$

for $($int i $=0$; i $<5$; i$++)\{$

sum $=$ sum $+$ val;

$\}$

$\}$

void bar$\_1()\{$

thread t$[$num$\_$threads$]$;

for $($int i $=0$; i $<$ num$\_$threads; i$++)\{$

t$[$i$]=$ std::thread$($foo$,$ i $+1)$;

t$[$i$].$join$()$;

$\}$

cout $<<$ "Sum is $"<<$ sum $<<$ endl;

$\}$

void bar$\_2()\{$

thread t$[$num$\_$threads$]$;

for $($int i $=0$; i $<$ num$\_$threads; i$++)\{$

t$[$i$]=$ std::thread$($foo$,$ i $+1)$;

$\}$

cout $<<$ "Sum is $"<<$ sum $<<$ endl;

for $($int i $=0$; i $<$ num$\_$threads; i$++)\{$

t$[$i$].$join$()$;

$\}$

$\}$

void bar$\_3()\{$

thread t$[$num$\_$threads$]$;

for $($int i $=0$; i $<$ num$\_$threads; i$++)\{$

t$[$i$]=$ std::thread$($foo$,$ i $+1)$;

$\}$

for $($int i $=0$; i $<$ num$\_$threads; i$++)\{$

t$[$i$].$join$()$;

$\}$

cout $<<$ "Sum is $"<<$ sum $<<$ endl;

$\}$

int main$()\{$

sum $=0$;

bar$\_1()$;

sum $=0$;

bar$\_2()$;

sum $=0$;

bar$\_3()$;

return $0$;

$\}$ a$)$ The code on the left outputs three values for sum $($via the cout statements in the bar$\_1,$ bar$\_2,$ and bar$\_3$ functions$).$ sum is a global variable and see that its value is set to $0$ before each call of bar functions. What is the maximum possible value one can see on the screen? $($Hint: The maximum is the same for all outputs$).\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ b$)(10$ pts$)$ What is the minimum possible value for each output? $($Hint: The minimum values are different for different bar function calls$).$ bar$\_1$: Sum is $($Min$)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ bar$\_2$: Sum is $($Min$)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ bar$\_3$: Sum is $($Min$)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$