JACK: "When it comes to COVID-19, it is always important to trust public health authorities."

LISA: "Public health authorities have frequently been wrong throughout the pandemic, and the shifting goalposts undermine trust in their directives."

JACK: "That's ridiculous."

LISA: "Is it? The public health narrative promised that restrictions would end if the majority of people got vaccinated. That clearly hasn't happened. For example, Gibraltar implemented a lockdown despite having a vaccination rate of 100 percent."

JACK: "You're just an insane anti-vaxxer."

LISA: "I'm fully vaccinated against COVID-19, but I oppose vaccine mandates and vaccine passports. There is no good evidence that the available crop of vaccines significantly prevent the spread of COVID-19 - though they may temporarily reduce symptoms. In either case this is an unconscionable violation of people's liberties."

JACK: "That's so heartless and cruel! You make me want to cry. Don't you know that almost 30,000 people in Canada have died with COVID-19?"

1.In this conversation, Jack commits a serious of logical errors. What is the first logical fallacy he commits?

1. Argumentum ad populum.
2. Red Herring.
3. Appeal to Experts.
4. Argumentum ad hominem.