Question: Let TS be the average time to access an item in memory. Let T1 be the time to access an item in level 1 cache

Let TS be the average time to access an item in memory.

Let T1 be the time to access an item in level 1 cache

Let T2 be the time to access an item in level 2 cache

Let TM be the time to access an item in main memory

Let H1 be the hit rate for level 1 cache.

Let M2 be the miss rate for level 2 cache.

Also consider that the average memory access time per instruction is AMAT = Time for a hit x Miss rate x Miss penalty

a. Express the AMAT for a memory access that is a miss in L1 but a hit in L2 in terms of H1, T1 and T2:

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