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- o rcascass v gt oo Detail near tube Subsonic or sonic Supersonic M 1 1 : =i ; Pitot Pitot tube tube Static pressure Pitot pressure Static pressure Pitot pressure Py P putot P Ppitot The Pitot tube is a simple device used in every wind tunnel and on every airplane to measure the flow speed. It is a tube oriented against the flow, connected to a pressure gauge that reads the Pitot pressure ppitot. In the typical wind tunnel, two measurements are made to determine the tunnel Mach number M;. The Pitot pressure ppiot and the static pressure p;. When the tunnel flow is subsonic or sonic, the process by which the flow comes to rest on the Pitot tube is well approximated as isentropic. In that case, the Pitot pressure equals the total pressure of the tunnel flow: pyiot = po1. However, when the tunnel flow is supersonic, a shock wave forms around the tube. In the vicinity of the tube inlet, the shock is nearly normal. The tube then reads the total pressure after the normal shock: Ppitot = Po2- Given this information, complete the table above of the relations between pg, /p; and Ppitot/P1 versus tunnel Mach number M. Use of gas tables is encouraged