Place your ratio calculations in the MS Excel table template for Mastercard for 2017-2019. Provide the formula used to calculate each ratio in the column to the right of your calculations. For example, for calculating the Gross Margin for a company, you would enter Gross Profit / Sales (gross profit divided by sales). When calculating values, you should use the SUM function in MS Excel and reference the values directly from the accounting statements provided. Attached you will find an example for PayPal and the calculations for Gross Margin and Operating Margin using MS Excel SUM function.