Please answer the questions referring to the CASE STUDY ATTACHED.

please answer the questions fully and with elaborations and examples referring to the case study!

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Q2 Applying Boyd's OODA Loop to the attached file name: "MTR carries event (a) Explain briefly what the four elements of OODA are. (b) If you were the management team of MTR, how could you apply "OODA" for determining whether the event a crisis or not? Please also apply the case in the OODA loop. South China Morning Post *** MTR staff 'follow, interrogate and threaten Baptist University student with hefty fine for carrying his cello on a train PUBLISHED: Thursday, 24 September, 2015, 7:00am UPDATED : Thursday, 24 September, 2015, 10:45pm News Hong Kong Law & Crime Oliver Chou oliver.chou@scmp.com A university student claims he was threatened with a HK$2000 fine after being followed by plain-clothes MTR staff and interrogated for carrying a cello on the East Rail Line. Ho Ka-yeung, a year four music student at Hong Kong Baptist University, said he was tailed yesterday evening by MTR staff who were not uniform when he boarded a train at Tai Wai station. When he arrived at the next station in Kowloon Tong, uniformed staff were waiting on the platform to catch him for carrying luggage they considered to be oversized. "They measured the cello case which they said exceeded the official length limit of 130cm by 4cm," he said. "But then a woman came to my rescue and challenged them for double standards as there were other passengers with large carry-ons in the train." "So they took me to a small room and brought in a senior officer who issued me a warning letter which stipulated that further violation would result in prosecution and a fine of up to HK$2,000." The student offered to pay extra fare for the cello, but the staff refused, informing him that MTR tickets were for passengers only, not luggage. After half an hour in the room, Ho was escorted to a station exit. When he asked them how he could get to Kowloon Bay for his rehearsal, the staff said it was his business as they were not obliged to offer him advice on alternative transportation. Ho ended up taking the MTR again, risking a second warning, but he chose another entrance to the station and boarded the Kwun Tong Line without a problem. A schoolgirl carrying a guzheng, or Chinese zither, was stopped at Tai Wai Station [1]This is the third such incident in a week on the MTR. Last week, a schoolgirl carrying a guzheng, or Chinese zither, was stopped at Tai Wai Station. A few days later, another student carrying his a cello in a case was refused entry at Hung Hom station. READ MORE: MTR staff turning a selective blind eye' to bulky goods on trains, says Hong Kong anti-parallel trading group [2] All three incidents involved only students, not music professionals. There are 19 cellists among the city's major orchestras, but so far they haven't made similar complaints. "Hong Kong is not a cultural desert as some people say but when things like this happen one cannot but wonder where is culture in Hong Kong," said Tung Hiu-lo, Ho's cello teacher and the principal gehu, or Chinese cello, of the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra. 0 A few days later, another student carrying his a cello in a case was refused entry at Hung Hom station [3]"All I can do to comfort my student is to wait and see if the principal cellist of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra will be stopped in the MTR for his cello case." Laurent Perrin, assistant principal cellist of the Hong Kong Sinfonietta, said he had never had any problem with his cello on board the MTR since he came to Hong Kong 17 years ago. "This is something unheard of in any part of the world and I find it hard to believe." the Frenchman said. "What would happen if all the cellists can't make it to rehearsals and concerts because we are not allowed to carry our instruments on the MTR?" The cellist suggested Ho report yesterday's incident to his school so that professors could raise the issue with the authorities. According to Ho, there are about 30 cello students in Baptist University's music department who travel every day to school with their instruments, "I have no idea how we are going to school and performances with our instruments in any way other than by the MTR," he said. "I am not mad at the staff. I am mad at the South China Morning Post #### : Change of tune: Hong Kong's MTR to review baggage rules as top orchestras join criticism of ban on large instruments PUBLISHED: Saturday, 26 September, 2015, 12:01am UPDATED : Saturday, 26 September, 2015, 12:01am News Hong Kong Education & Community TRANSPORT Oliver Chou and Lai Ying-kit Music groups call for compromise over train company's restrictions on large instruments In a U-turn under pressure from the city's professional and student musicians, the MTR Corporation agreed yesterday to review its rule banning musical instruments it considers too large to allow on trains. "The present rule on the size of objects which can be carried into the MTR was established taking into account the reasonable needs of passengers ... the impact on other passengers as well as safety considerations," it said in a statement last night. "In response to views expressed by members of the community, the corporation will conduct a review on the current restriction." READ MORE: Hong Kong musicians urged to join MTR protest after cello player stopped (1) A day earlier, the MTR had insisted the restriction on oversized items was there to stay, dismissing outrage among musicians who questioned why they were being treated like parallel traders, who triggered the crackdown initially because they were bringing extra-large luggage onto trains. The climbdown came after the city's flagship orchestras and music teachers joined in the chorus of concern over the MTR ban, saying it could affect students' arts development. READ MORE: MTR staff 'follow, interrogate and threaten cellist (2) The Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, the largest symphonic band in Hong Kong with 90 musicians, announced on Facebook that talks were in progress with the MTR after students carrying cellos were banned on trains. The Hong Kong Sinfonietta, the other Western ensemble among nine performing arts groups under the Home Affairs Bureau, expressed "regret" in a more strongly worded statement. E 2 The baggage crackdown came amid complaints about the activities of so-called parallel traders [3] "Although none of our musicians has reported being inconvenienced, the warning and action taken by the MTR are not only disrespectful but a clear violation of the fundamental rights of musicians, as well as a deterrent for young people to learn musical instruments," it said. Undersecretary for Home Affairs Florence Hui Hiu-fai called for reflection on the importance of supporting musicians and music education for the city while balancing safety considerations on public transport". READ MORE: MTR accused of turning 'selective blind eye' on baggage rules (4) At least three students have been barred from taking trains in the past week after the musical instruments they were carrying were found to exceed the permitted length of 130 centimetres. READ MORE: My Take - MTR hits wrong note (5) The Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers urged the MTR to exempt musical instruments, or create special areas on trains for carrying them. The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts' music school also urged the MTR to exercise flexibility on music students. South China Morning Post ### Hong Kong rail operator MTR must enforce its rules on carrying bulky items to all passengers PUBLISHED: Thursday, 01 October, 2015, 1:10am UPDATED : Thursday, 01 October, 2015, 1:10am Comment Insight & Opinion > LEADER SCMP Editorial It is common sense that MTR passengers are restricted from carrying bulky items onto trains. There are by-laws stipulating the size of luggage allowed on board. Each passenger can carry only one item with total dimensions not exceeding 170cm, and with no one side measuring more than 130cm. The rules are clear enough. However, there are always those who pay little regard to regulations or who are simply not aware of the restrictions. This is not helped when millions of people pass through the turnstiles every day. The MTR cannot possibly monitor each and every entry and exit point across dozens of stations. But that does not mean the MTR should selectively pick on passengers who do not follow the rules. Recently, the railway operator has come under fire for ejecting a schoolgirl carrying the Chinese musical instrument guzheng, whose dimensions were said to have exceeded the limit. Another student carrying a cello in a case was also threatened with a fine of HK$2,000 before being denied entry onto a train. If an item exceeds the limit, be it a musical instrument or a piece of luggage, it is within the MTR's right to reject it. But it can also be argued that enforcement should come with common sense. The public outrage stemmed from what critics see as double standards in enforcement. A professional cellist said he had never had any trouble with his instrument on the MTR over the past 17 years. Unsurprisingly, the recent incidents hit a sour note in social media, with users bombarding the railway operator with pictures showing an array of oversized items seen inside train compartments, ranging from a double-bed mattress to a washing machine. of particular concern is the East Rail, with cross-border parallel traders swarming the carriages with cartloads of goods. The ban on bulky items is to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers. But in light of the criticism, a review is warranted. More importantly, the MTR should avoid giving the perception that the rules are selectively enforced. *MTR Press Release PRO88/15 27 October 2015 Registration Starts on 2 November for Trial Scheme to Travel with Oversized Musical Instruments in MTR Passengers with some larger musical instruments that currently exceed the MTR size restrictions for personal items will soon be able travel on the railway with their instruments after obtaining a special "Carriage of Oversized Musical Instrument Permit (Permit in a four month trial scheme From 2 November 2015, the MTR Corporation will start accepting registrations for the Permit for oversized musical instruments beyond the current limits but with the longest side not exceeding 145cm and total dimensions length width + height below 235cm (including the case or bag). The Permit will allow the registered person to bring one oversized instrument into stations and trains at any one time during MTR service hours except in the moming peak period between 8:15 am and 9:15 am from Mondays to Fridays. This trial registration scheme was designed after listening to the views of the public and we thank them for working with us, especially out friends in the music community. The existing size rule does not affect most musical instruments, and with this special arrangement in place, we believe we will be able to cover the vast majority of the musical instruments that our passengers have a genuine need to carry." said Dr Jacob Kam Operations Director of MTR Corporation However, we hope the community understands our important responsibility to ensure that the safety and operational requirements of the railway are maintained. Our careful risk assessment has determined it would not be prudent to accommodate instruments larger than 235cm in total or with one side longer than 145cm. At the same time, it is crucial that Passengers carrying oversed muskal instruments under the special Permit follow the specific safety rules and guidelines prepared for them."Dr Kam added. Dr Kam also pointed out that registration is not required for musical instruments that meet the prevailing size restrictions, ie 170cm in total with no one side exceeding 130cm. Passengers wishing to travel with their oversized musical instruments may apply for a Permit free of charge by filling in and submitting an online for available at http://www.mte.com.hk/muskal Instrument permiten Forms can also be collected from and returned to the Customer Service Centre at any MTR Station or submitted by mail. Permits are expected to be issued in seven working days after the date of form submission Total dimension meaturing 170cm length with help with a side exceeding 130cm. ublic holidays not included Except Airport Express stations, Lo Wu, tok MC Racecoure. Deyind Resort and Sunny Boy station MT Corporation Limited The MTR Corporation will conduct a review towards the end of the trial period to evaluate effectiveness and consider whether any changes or adjustments are required. The Corporation will also explore options for carriage of other oversized sporting and recreational equipment into the MTR Photo caption: Head of Operating Mr Francis Li announces the details of the four-month Trial Registration Scheme for Carriage of Oversized Musical Instruments. Passengers who obtain a Permit will be allowed to bring an oversized musical instrument with total dimensions of up to 235cm and any one side up to 145cm into the MTR network. WMTR Trial Registration Scheme for Carriage of our clied Bull MTR Schema for Card START Registration For musical instruments beyond the current limits but with the longest side not exceeding 145cm and total dimensions (length + width + height) below 235cm (including the case or bag). (Passengers with musical instruments measuring within 170cm in total (length+width+height) with no one side exceeding 130 cm do NOT require a Permit to enter the railway.) Application Applications will be accepted from 2 November 2015: 1. Online at: http://www.mtr.com.hk/musical instrument permit en 2. In person by obtaining and returning application forms to the Customer Service Centre of any MTR station (except Airport Express stations, Lo Wu, Lok Ma Chau, Racecourse, Disneyland Resort and Sunny Bay). 3. By mailing completed forms to MTR Corporation, MTR Headquarters Building, Telford Paza, Kowloon Bay and marking "Concessionary Travel Office on the envelope. Parents or legal guardians will be required to counter-sign registration forms for applicants under the age of 18. Collection Collection Points: 1. Designated Counters at 6 MTR stations Mei Foo Station Olympic Station Kowloon Tong Station Tai Wo Station Wan Chai Station Yau Tong Station 2. Concessionary Travel Offices at 3 MTR stations Admiralty Station Siu Hong Station Tai Wai Station Collection hours 7:00am to 11:00pm daily Presentation of valid identity document is required at time of collection of Permit Validity Permits valid for three years (subject to the outcome of the Corporation's review on the trial registration scheme). Annex 2 Safety Rules and Usage Guidelines for Holders of "Carriage of Oversized Musical Instrument Permit" Applicants submitting registration forms, whether online, at MTR Customer Service Centres or by mail, will be requested to acknowledge acceptance of the following safety rules designed to ensure a safe and comfortable travelling environment for all passengers. Applicants under the age of 18 are required to have their parents or legal guardians counter- sign registration forms to ensure they understand and agree to follow the safety requirements. 1. Always have your Permit with you and when requested by MTR staff, show your Permit and/or musical instrument 2. Carry only one oversized musical instrument at any one time. 3. Do not bring oversized instruments into MTR for travel between 8:15 am and 9:15 am (calculated from time of entry through ticket gates) on Mondays through Fridays, except public holidays. 4. Please use the lift. 5. Mind the top of doorways when boarding and alighting trains; take the musical instrument off your shoulders if needed. 6. To avoid hitting overhanging objects and potential electrical hazard when near high voltage overhead equipment, do not lift your musical instrument up in the air. 7. Do not block train doorways, passages inside trains, lift entrances/exits, staircases, entry/exit gates or evacuation paths. Use train cars that have more space, usually first and last cars. 8. In the event of emergency evacuation along the track, leave your musical instrument behind. Place it in a location that does not block any passage, for example on top of seats. Follow instructions and directions from MTR staff or emergency services personnel