Please, explain as much as possible and do not use the excel as I am looking for the calculations done by hand. Please, calculate all 3 problems. Thank you very much.

1A firm has determined its optimal capital structure, which is composed of the following sources and target market value proportions: Debt: The firm can sell a 20-year, $1,000 par value, 9 percent bond for $980. A flotation cost of 2 percent of the face value would be required in addition to the discount of $20. Preferred Stock: The firm has determined it can issue preferred stock at $65 per share par value. The stock will pay an $8.00 annual dividend. The cost of issuing and selling the stock is $3 per share. Common Stock: The firm's common stock is currently selling for $40 per share. The dividend expected to be paid at the end of the coming year is $5.07. Its dividend payments have been growing at a constant rate for the last five years. Five years ago, the dividend was $3.45. It is expected that to sell, a new common stock issue must be underpriced at $1 per share and the firm must pay $1 per share in flotation costs. Additionally, the firm's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. Calculate the firm's weighted average cost of capital assuming the firm has exhausted all retained earnings. 2. Assume that Kish Inc. hired you as a consultant to help estimate its cost of capital. You have obtained the following data: D0=$0.90;P0=$47.50; and g=7.00% (constant). Based on the DCF approach, what is the cost of equity from retained earnings? Do not round your intermediate calculations. 3. Keys Printing plans to issue a $1,000 par value, 20 year noncallable bond with a 7.00% annual coupon, paid semiannually. The company's marginal tax rate is 40.00%, but Congress is considering a change in the corporate tax rate to 45.00%. By how much would the component cost of debt used to calculate the WACC change if the new tax rate was adopted? Do not round your intermediate calculations