Prosci's change management methodology is developed based on research with over 3,400 participants over the last twenty
Question:
- Prosci's change management methodology is developed based on research with over 3,400 participants over the last twenty years. What is unique about the methodology is that it comes from real project leaders and teams reflecting on what worked, what did not and what they would do differently on their next project.
- The Prosci ADKAR® Model
- The Prosci 3-Phase Process
- Research on change management methodology
- Awareness of the need for change
- Desire to participate in and support the change
- Knowledge on how to change
- Ability to implement required skills and behaviors
- Reinforcement to sustain the change
- Planning change management activities
- Diagnosing gaps
- Developing corrective actions
- Supporting managers and supervisors
- "How much change management does this project need?"
- “Who is impacted by this initiative and in what ways?”
- “Who are the sponsors we need to be involved to make this initiative successful?”
- Easy to implement
- Easy to understand
- Easy to communicate to others
- Simple
- Practical
- Structured and systematic
- Logical
- Comprehensive and holistic
- Go through the attached document and identify the phases in change management below are nine examples of work being done for change management. using the 3 phases of change management process, indicate which part belongs to which phase. 1. putting together a strong strategy to be followed by the team 2. choose team members 3. developing plans to be used for change management 4. finding a sponsor/convincing the sponsor 5. implementation 6. analysis and feedback 7. statistics and analysis 8. feedback and explanation 9. rewards and acknowledgement
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At its core, Prosci's methodology is the collective lessons learned by those implementing change across the globe. Based on this research, Prosci has developed a methodology that is holistic and easy to use. The resulting process, tools and assessments have been developed with one goal in mind: that you can put them to use on your projects while building your (and your organization's) own internal change management skill set.
Change management requires both an individual and an organizational perspective
Individual change management
Individual change management means understanding how one person successfully makes a change.
Organizations don't change, individuals do. No matter how large of a project you are taking on, the success of that project ultimately lies with each employee doing their work differently, multiplied across all of the employees impacted by the change. Effective change management requires an understanding for and appreciation of how one person makes a change successfully. Without an individual perspective, we are left with activities but no idea of the goal or outcome that we are trying to achieve.
Organizational change management
Organizational change management understands what tools we have to help individuals make changes successfully.
While change happens one person at a time, there are processes and tools that can help facilitate this change across groups and organizations. Without a structured approach, change management tools can be limited to only communication and training. When there is an organizational change management perspective, a process emerges for how to scale change management activities and how to use the complete set of tools available for project leaders and business managers.
ADKAR: AN EASY-TO-USE MODEL FOR INDIVIDUAL CHANGE
The first step in managing any type of organizational change is understanding how to manage change with a single individual. Prosci's model of individual change is called the Prosci ADKAR Model, an acronym for awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement®. In essence, an individual needs:
ADKAR describes successful change at the individual level. When an organization undertakes an initiative, that change only happens when the employees who have to do their jobs differently can say with confidence, "I have the awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement to make this change happen."
Because it outlines the goals or outcomes of successful change, ADKAR is an effective tool for:
THE 3-PHASE PROCESS: A STRUCTURE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
Prosci's organizational change management process was first introduced in 2002 after the third change management benchmarking study. This process is built in three phases that a project or change manager can work through for the changes and initiatives they are supporting. The methodology includes research-based assessments and templates to support each phase, as well as guidance for completing each step most effectively.
1. Preparing for change
The first phase in Prosci's methodology helps change and project teams prepare for designing their change management plans. It answers these questions:
The first phase provides the situational awareness that is critical for creating effective change management plans. The outputs of this phase are:
Change characteristics profile
This provides insight into the change at hand, its size, scope and impact.
Organizational attributes profile
This gives a view of the organization and groups that are being impacted and any specific attributes that may contribute to challenges when changing.
Change management team structure
This structure defines how many change management resources are needed for the effort and where they are positioned in relationship to the project team and project sponsor
Sponsor assessment, structure and roles
This provides an understanding of the leaders across the organization who will need to act as sponsors of the change. Here we also identify possible challenges with certain leaders and start to formulate plans to get those leaders on board and actively sponsoring the change.
Impact assessment
This assessment identifies the groups of individuals being impacted by the change, in what ways they are being impacted, and unique challenges you may face with this group in the project.
Change management strategy
Based on the assessments in this phase, a strategy that scales the change management effort to align with the type and size of the change is articulated.
2. Managing change
The second phase focuses on creating plans that will integrate with the project plan. These change management plans articulate the steps that you can take to support the individual people being impacted by the project. This is what people typically think of when they talk about change management. Based on Prosci's research, there are five plans that support help individuals moving through the ADKAR Model:
Communication plan
Communications are a critical part of the change process. This plan articulates key messages that need to go to various impacted audience. It also accounts for who will send the messages and when, ensuring employees are hearing messages about the change from the people who have credibility with them and at the right time.
Sponsor roadmap
The sponsor roadmap outlines the actions needed from the project’s primary sponsor and the coalition of sponsors across the business. In order to help executives be active and visible sponsors of the change, we provide details on when and where we need leaders to be present, what communications they should send, and which peers across the coalition they need to align with to support the change.
Training plan
Training is a required part of most changes, and is critical to help people build the knowledge and ability they need to work in a new way. The training plan identifies who will need what training and when. It is important that the training plan be sequenced in a way that allows for awareness and desire building before they are sent to training.
Coaching plan
The coaching plan outlines how you will engage with and equip managers and people leaders to lead the change with their own teams. Managers can play a significant role in aiding the change management efforts, but they need to be engaged as employees themselves first and allowed to work through their own change process. Then you can give them the information and tools to lead the same change process with their own teams.
Resistance management plan
The resistance management plan provides a strategy for both proactively and reactively addressing resistance. At the outset of a project, anticipated areas of resistance can be identified and proactively planned for: specific activities targeted at potentially resistant groups. This can head off resistance before it becomes a problem. The resistance management plan should also include the process and plan for identifying, understanding, and addressing resistance that comes up throughout the life of the project.
3. Reinforcing change
Equally critical but most often overlooked, the third phase helps you create specific action plans for ensuring that the change is sustained. In this phase, project and change teams develop measures and mechanisms to measure how well the change is taking hold, to the see if employees are actually doing their jobs the new way, to identify and correct gaps and to celebrate success. This includes:
Measuring changes in behavior
As the change is being implemented and the solution of the project is going live, it is important to establish measures to see if people are actually doing their jobs in a new way. These measures will be unique to each project and based on what new behaviors are required of employees in the changed state.
Corrective action plans
If gaps are identified and people are not fully adopting and using the new way of working, the change and project team must take action to correct those gaps. It is important to remember ADKAR in this phase and identify accurately why people may not be embracing the change and address the root cause of the gap.
Reinforcement mechanisms
Because people are physiologically wired for habit, it is common that even though people may change successfully, they will revert to their old habits unless there are specific measures in place to prevent them from doing do. Reinforcement mechanisms can include continued compliance measuring, ongoing training and coaching.
Individual and group recognition approaches
It is vitally important to recognize the hard work people have put in to embracing change. Every person and organization is different, so it is important to look for means of recognition that will resonate with the individuals.
Success celebrations
In addition to recognizing the achievements of individuals and groups who have changed successfully, it is important to publically highlight the success of the initiative and provide opportunity to celebrate the hard work that went into getting to a new future state.
After-action review
As is common in project management, an after-action review of the change management efforts helps to identify strengths of the change effort to be replicated in future projects, as well as areas where different action should be taken next time to drive a more successful outcome.
CONNECTING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT
The link between individual change management and organizational change management is key and is what sets Prosci's approach apart from other change management methodologies. There are numerous models available that address individual change. There are also numerous models available that give guidance and structure to the project-level activities for the people side of change. The Prosci's methodology uniquely integrates individual change management and organizational change management to ensure the achievement of business results.
The image below shows how the change management plans developed in the organizational change management process contribute to the progression of individual change described by the ADKAR model. This is the essence of effective change management and the Prosci methodology: leverage change management activities to drive individual transitions.
RESEARCH ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY
In all of Prosci’s benchmarking studies, we have asked participants about the greatest contributors to success of their changes. Applying a structured approach to change management has remained a top contributor for over ten years. Below are four research findings on change management methodology:
A structured approach has remained the 2nd or 3rd contributor to project success
In three of the last five change management best practices studies, the use of a structured approach to change management was cited as the second greatest contributor to success (behind only active and visible executive sponsorship). A structured approach to change management moves organizations away from merely reacting to resistance to change and provides a solid framework for engaging and mobilizing impacted employees.
Nearly 80% of study participants utilized a structured approach
Participants also indicated whether or not they used a structured approach to change management. The data in the 2013 study showed a continued growth in those participants following a particular change management methodology. The percentage of participants utilizing a methodology more than doubled between 2003 and 2013. Today, nearly 8 in 10 projects are utilizing a structured change management methodology.
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Change management methodology is chosen for ease of use
Participants cited a number of factors for selecting a change management methodology. Overwhelmingly, the main criterion was the ease of use of the methodology. When change management is overly complex, it fails to gain traction in the organization and is seen as more of a hassle than as a tool that delivers value to the organization and the project. However, methodologies that are easy to use and easy to explain to others can gain serious traction and become a vital component of the project activities. Factors for ease of use included:
Change management activities began early
Participants shared data on when they started their change management activities and when they would start their activities on the next project. The data shows an overwhelming bias toward initiating change management early in the project. Change management activities that are launched at the beginning of a project can be more proactive in addressing the people side of change. When change management is brought in as an add-on late in the project, it is typically to 'fight fires' and help with damage control.
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