SECTION A: Multiple choice questions. [20marks]

Answer all the questions in this section by choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given below.

Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?

Searching sources of information to locate problems.

Survey of related literature

Identification of the problem

Searching for solutions to the problem

Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

Rationalism

Deductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning

Probabilistic

Which of the following best describes quantitative research?

The collection of nonnumerical data

An attempt to confirm the researchers hypotheses

Research that is exploratory

Research that attempts to generate a new theory

the Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except

.

It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest

It relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures

It is used to generate hypotheses and develop theories about phenomena in the world

It uses the inductive scientific method

Which of the following is not a form of measurement validity?

Concurrent validity

Conductive validity

Face validity

Convergent validity

Which of the following ethical principles is being demonstrated when a researcher adapts methods to the needs of different populations?

Beneficence

Integrity

Respect for people's rights and dignity

Fidelity and responsibility

Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except

It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest

It relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures

It is used to generate hypotheses and develop theories about phenomena in the world

It uses the inductive scientific method

When a researcher is working to be sure there is consistency with that which is being measured, she/he is focusing on .

Validity

Reliability

Objectivity

Triangulation

The first step in selecting a sample is .

Define the population

Decide how to stratify the population

Compile a list of the population

Determine how to randomize

Which of the following is not a form of non-random sampling?

Purposive sampling

Snowball sampling

Convenience sampling

Quota sampling

The most important consideration in selecting a sample is that it should be .

Selected from the population by means of a table of random numbers

Made up of a large number of subjects

Representative of the population

Selected from a large number of individuals or elements

Suppose Mr. North randomly selected University in the country and then randomly selected Botswana Open University (BOU) as the Government institution, and finally randomly selected research methods classes from within BOU degree classes. His sampling technique is best described as .

Random

Stratified

Cluster

Multistage cluster

The ability to generalize the results of a study is related to .

Manipulation

Predictive validity.

Internal validity

External validity

Which of the following is of least concern to a qualitative researcher?

Validity

Trustworthiness

Understanding

Generalizability

If a study is "reliable", this means that:

It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted

The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions

The findings can be generalized to other social settings

The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated

The purpose of qualitative research is to .

Establish causal relationships in a natural context.

Describe participants' attitudes on a five-point scale ranging from strongly negative

to strongly positive (5)

Promote a deep, holistic understanding of a phenomenon of interest.

Interview and observe participants to confirm theoretical propositions

What level of measurement would be used if participants were asked to state their gender in a research study?

Interval

Ordinal

Nominal

Ratio

Internal validity refers to .

Whether not there is casual relationship between one or two variables

Whether or not the findings are relevant to the participants day to day life

The degree to which the researchers feels this was worthwhile research

How accurately the findings reflect on the underlying constructs.

How can you tell if your research questions are good .

If they guide your literature review

If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

If the force you to narrow your scope

All of the above

When referencing other works you have cited within the text of the report you should

State the first and last name of the author

Use the author, date citation made.

Use an asterisk and a footnote

Insert the complete citation in parenthesis