Sometimes a pattern can be so subtle that a vast majority of people would think there isn't a pattern. In cryptography, the more subtle the pattern, the more secure the system. It turns out that mathematics of modular arithmetic can be used to create all types of subtle patterns. The goal of this assignment is to get you to be able to . use modular arithmetic to generate the ciphertext in a substitution cipher system Read, Watch, Think, Search, & Discuss The plaintext phrase "GO NOLES" consists of characters from the English alphabet and the positions those characters occupy makes two recognizable words. A substitution cipher (replacing the plaintext characters with ciphertext characters) can be applied to create the ciphertext "OY NYRSQ" making the phrase unreadable. For example, in the plaintext phrase "GO NOLES" consists of six characters: E, G, L N, O, and S. The table below demonstrates how multiplication in modulo 26 can be used to convert plaintext characters into ciphertext: Multiplicative Cipher Algorithm Plaintext Plaintext Process of Converting Plaintext Ciphertext Ciphertext Character Character Character into Ciphertext Character Value Value E 4 11 . 4 = 44 = 18 (mod 26) 18 S G 6 11 . 6 = 66 = 14 (mod 26) 14 O L 11 11 . 11 = 121 = 17 (mod 26) 17 R N 13 11 . 13 = 143 = 13 (mod 26) 13 N O 14 11 . 14 = 154 = 24 (mod 26) 24 Y S 18 11 . 18 = 198 = 16 (mod 26 16