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BASIC WORKPLACE COMPETENCIES As mentioned in Chapter 1, many employers today raise concerns about a skills gapthe difference between the skill requirements of available jobs and the skills possessed by job applicants.3 In the United States, two important factors can be highlighted: (1) the skill level achieved by many high school and college graduates; and (2) the increased sophistication of jobs due to increased reliance on technology.4 The skill levels of high schooland even some collegestudents, particularly when organizations require increasingly skilled workers, have generated much criticism of public education systems in the United States, as well as in other nations.5 One survey found that 73 percent of employers said that high school graduates lacked grammar and spelling skills, 63 percent of employers said that graduates lacked basic math skills, and 47 percent of employers said these students cant speak English properly; similar percentages are obtained when professors rate college freshmen.6 Many employers are finding that graduates with basic skill deficiencies must be given remedial training before they are job-ready. This remains an urgent issue that both school systems and society must address. The increased sophistication of jobs, particularly as a result of the information technology (IT) explosion, affects almost every industry and organization. The trend toward increasingly powerful technology and software systems has led to a proliferation of high-technology applications, including robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), decision-support systems, and communications networks. Continuous technical training will likely be necessary for those occupations that rely on information technology and are directly affected by the constant changes in hardware and software.7 Werner, Jon M.. Human Resource Development: Talent Development (p. 289). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.