Question: UDP and TCP use 1s complement for their checksums to detect errors. Suppose you have the following 8-bit bytes: 11011001, 01010010, 11001010, 10100100 and 01011001.

UDP and TCP use 1s complement for their checksums to detect errors. Suppose you have the following 8-bit bytes: 11011001, 01010010, 11001010, 10100100 and 01011001.

A. What is the 1s complement of the sum of these 8-bit bytes? Show all the details of your work.

B. Why do UDP and TCP take the 1s complement of the sum as their checksum? That is, what do UDP and TCP not simply use the sum of these bytes as checksum?

C. With the 1s complement scheme, how does the receiver detect errors?

D. With this checksum scheme, is it possible that any l-bit error will go undetected? How about a two-bit error? Explain your answer.

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