What role does the Intermediate Language play in the execution of a

NET program?

What is casting? What is implicit casting? What is explicit casting? How

do the terms widening conversion and narrowing conversion fit in$?$ How

is it different from parsing?

What is meant by the "scope of a variable?" What are the various types

of scope? What is the lifetime of a variable?

What is meant by exception handling? What is meant by data

validation? How are the two similar? How are they different?

What distinguishes an array from an ArrayList from a List Focus on

adding elements to each structure, accessing elements, size and data

typing. Give examples declaring each.

Which operators in C# are known as short$-$circuit operators? Explain

why they are labeled as such and give a meaningful example of their

use.

What is hashing and hash function? Why it is important to override both

Equals$()$ and GetHashCode$()$ function in a class? When does a collision

occur in hashing? Explain with an example.

What is delegate and why are they used? Give an example of Action and

Func delegates. Explain the difference between Single cast delegate

and multi cast delegate.

Define $3$ principles of OOPs $-$ Encapsulation, Inheritance, and

Polymorphism. Explain with examples how these $3$ principles are

implemented in C# programming language.