Questions and Answers of The Princeton Review AP Biology Premium

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, requiring their host cells for replication. Consequently, viruses generally attempt to reproduce as efficiently and quickly as possible in a host. Below
A chimpanzee stacks a series of boxes on top of one another to reach a bunch of bananas suspended from the ceiling. This is an example of which of the following behaviors?(A) Operant learning(B)
In a pond ecosystem, spring rains trigger an expansion of species at levels of the food chain. Runoff from nearby hills brings nutrients which, when combined with warming temperatures, trigger an
A proponent of the vegan diet writes a blog post that claims that the vegan diet is the only way to “reduce your carbon footprint, with respect to food, because it cuts your carbon footprint in
Mimosa pudica is a plant often called the “sensitive plant” because when you touch the leaves, they immediately close up. One theory about the purpose of this type of movement is that herbivores
Costa Rica is plentiful with many beautiful tropical rainforests. For a long time, cattle farmers cleared much of the forests for their livestock. However, in recent decades, the government has
Five subjects were weighed before and after an 8-week exercise program. What is the average amount of weight lost in pounds for all five subjects, rounded to the nearest pound?(A) 12 pounds(B) 13
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria or yeast applied to maintain intestinal health in humans or livestock. In theory, these organisms inhabit the intestines and aid in digestion of food. Also, these
The height of six trees is measured. Is plant 6 taller than the median for all six trees?(A) Yes, the median is 67.3.(B) No, the median is 67.3.(C) Yes, the median is 67.5.(D) No, the median is 67.5.
Klinefelter's syndrome is a genetic condition in males that results in the creation of an extra X chromosome during the early stages of embryo development, which must be inactivated. Which of the
Given the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of having an AABbCC offspring? (A) (B) 14100|-| (C) - (D) 8 16 32
In the following set of test scores, what is the mode and what is the range? Test Scores: 71, 67, 75, 65, 66, 32, 69, 70, 72, 82, 73, 68, 75, 68, 75, 78(A) Mode: 68; Range: 75(B) Mode: 69; Range:
Given the cross AaBb × aabb, what is the probability of having an Aabb or aaBb offspring? (A) (B) (C) 2 4 16 (D) 0
A mating is set up between two pure breeding strains of plants. One parent has long leaves and long shoots. The other parent has short leaves and stubby shoots. F1 plants are collected, and all have
Two pea plants are crossed, and a ratio of 3 yellow plants to 1 green plant is expected in the offspring. It is found that out of 100 plants phenotyped, 84 are yellow and 16 are green. Do the
In general, animal cells differ from plant cells in that only animal cells(A) Perform cellular respiration(B) Contain transcription factors(C) Do not contain vacuoles(D) Lyse when placed in a
While completing an experiment similar to the chemical experiment performed by Miller and Urey, a scientist observed that complex organic molecules were formed when precursors were heated and charged
A chemical agent is found to denature acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft, a space between nerve cells that neurotransmitters cross to cause signaling. What effect will this agent have on the
Consider the following pathway of reactions catalyzed by enzymes (shown in numbers):If a competitive inhibitor is bound to enzyme 6, which of the following would be decreased?(A) Protein A(B) Protein
The base composition of DNA varies from one species to another. Which of the following ratios would you expect to remain constant in the DNA?(A) Cytosine : Adenine(B) Pyrimidine : Purine(C) Adenine :
Compact bone contains rings of osteons, each of which contains a central canal housing the blood vessels, which can be accessed only by those osteocytes adjacent to it. Gap junctions, which are
How many chromosome segments are present in a somatic cell at the completion of mitosis?(A) 64(B) 32(C) 16(D) 8The somatic cells in a newly identified sexually reproducing species are found to be
A scientist carries out a cross between two guinea pigs, both of which have black coats. Black hair coat (B) is dominant over white hair coat (b). Three-quarters of the offspring have black coats,
The somatic cells in a newly identified sexually reproducing species are found to be octoploidy (8n), and each cell contains 32 chromosomes, slightly fewer than the 46 chromosomes in a somatic human
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) consist of seven transmembrane receptors consisting of alpha helices. The amino end of the protein is on the outside of the plasma membrane. The seven receptors are
In minks, the gene for brown fur (B) is dominant over the gene for silver fur (b). Which set of genotypes represents a cross that could produce offspring with silver fur from parents that both have
Which of the following amino acids would likely be found in the transmembrane domain?(A) Lysine(B) Arginine(C) Isoleucine(D) Glutamate COO™ H₂N-C-H CH |
Retroviruses violate the Central Dogma because(A) They store their genetic material as RNA, which is reverse-transcribed to DNA(B) They do not contain hereditary material but use the host DNA
Which of the following is an example of dehydration synthesis?(A) Conversion of fats to fatty acids and glycerol(B) Conversion of proteins to amino acids(C) Conversion of starch to simple sugars(D)
An enzyme’s active site contains arginine residues. Which residues will likely be found on the corresponding substrate region?(A) Arginine(B) Lysine(C) Glutamate(D) Isoleucine COO™ H₂N-C-H CH |
In cells, which of the following can catalyze reactions involving hydrogen peroxide, provide cellular energy, and make proteins, in that order?(A) Peroxisomes, mitochondria, and ribosomes(B)
Dehydration synthesis is a key part of the creation of many macromolecules. It is best described as(A) Loss of a water molecule in order to make something else(B) Water rushing out of a cell during
Which of the following represents the carrying capacity for culture B?(A) 10(B) 50(C) 100,000(D) 1,000,000The graph below shows two growth curves for bacterial cultures, A and B. Number of
When humans experience excessive heat loss, the nervous system sends random signals for skeletal muscles to contract, resulting in shivering. This then raises the body temperature due to the
What could explain the difference between culture A and culture B?(A) Culture B started with more bacteria than culture A.(B) Culture A was grown with a competitive inhibitor.(C) Culture B was not
In the above figure, ______ is the dependent variable and _______ is the independent variable.(A) Ppt of oxygen consumed; day of germination(B) Ppt of oxygen consumed; 37°C(C) Day of germination;
A molecule of ADP is dephosphorylated once and then phosphorylated twice. What molecule will result?(A) AMP(B) ADP(C) ATP(D) AUP
In the above figure, which process is likely occurring?(A) Photosynthesis(B) Cellular respiration(C) Fermentation(D) All of the above ppt of Oxygen 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 Oxygen Consumed vs. Day
In plants, the process of phototropism in which an organism responds to a light stimulus would be best exemplified by which of the following? (A) A sunflower photographed pointing one direction in
If the trend continues, what will be the oxygen consumed on day 7?(A) 0.55(B) 0.6(C) 0.75(D) 0.8 ppt of Oxygen 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 Oxygen Consumed vs. Day of Germination of Peas at
Females with Turner syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait. Based on this information, it can be inferred that females with this condition(A) Have an extra X
When a retrovirus inserted its DNA into the middle of a bacterial gene, it altered the normal reading frame by one base pair. This type of mutation is called(A) Duplication(B) Translocation(C)
What is bound to myosin when it is in its high-energy conformation?I. ActinII. ATPIII. ADP(A) II only(B) III only(C) I and II(D) I and IIIThe unit of contraction within skeletal muscle cells is
The principal inorganic compound found in living things is(A) Carbon(B) Oxygen(C) Water(D) Glucose
If the cell runs out of ATP, what would be the state of the sarcomere?(A) Myosin is bound to actin in the high-energy conformation.(B) Myosin is alone in the high-energy conformation.(C) Myosin is
Trisomy X, a disorder in which a female has an extra X chromosome, is the result of nondisjunction. This failure in oogenesis would first be apparent when(A) The homologous chromosomes are lined up
Suppose scientists discovered in the fossil record or molecular biology that tiger-like ancestors lived for millions of years before a mutation occurred. This mutation caused a striped phenotype that
Which is NOT a true statement about acid rain?(A) It increases the pH in the water and can harm aquatic plants.(B) High levels of H+ can harm fish hatchlings.(C) It can change the composition of the
E. Coli have rod-shaped cells that closely resemble cylinders. Which size E. Coli cell (measured in μm) would be most metabolically efficient?(A) Radius = 0.5, height = 1.5(B) Radius = 0.5, height =
The Krebs cycle produces which of the following electron carriers?(A) NADPH(B) NADH(C) FADH(D) NAD+
Which pH and volume were likely used for the watering time experiment?(A) pH 4 and 40 mL(B) pH 7 and 40 mL(C) pH 4 and 80 mL(D) pH 7 and 80 mLAn experiment was performed to assess the growth of two
The following are important pieces of replication and transcription machinery:What might have occurred to produce the following situation?(A) Stalled DNA replication(B) Initiation of transcription(C)
What causes carbon to have four valence electrons?(A) Carbon has a tetrahedral geometry.(B) Carbon is able to form single, double, and triple covalent bonds.(C) Carbon is able to form chains and
Put these four situations in the correct order: ¹XXXX II. III. IV. XXXX (A) I, III, IV, II (B) I, IV,II, III (C) IV, I, III, II (D) I, III, II, IV CO₂ (ppm) Time (min) O, (ppm)
Two fossils found right next to each other are determined by radiometric dating to have similar levels of decayed isotope in their surrounding rock. Which of the following conclusions can be made?(A)
Which of the following assumptions does radiometric dating make?(A) The rock has not been in the presence of a strong magnetic field.(B) The rock formed prior to the time that the radioactive isotope
Which process is demonstrated in the figure above?(A) Krebs cycle(B) Photosynthesis(C) Glycolysis(D) Fermentation
The membrane potential of cells is determined by the sodium-potassium pump, which(A) Creates an intracellular space that is more negative than the extracellular space and possesses more potassium(B)
Scientists performed a transformation experiment in which they added DNAse, protease, and RNAse to degrade DNA, proteins, and RNA respectively. They found no change in bacteria treated with protease
Which of the following processes occur in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?(A) DNA replication(B) Transcription(C) Translation(D) Translocation
Crossing-over during meiosis permits scientists to determine(A) The chance for variation in zygotes(B) The rate of mutations(C) The distance between genes on a chromosome(D) Which traits are dominant
An animal cell that is permeable to water but not salts has an internal NaCl concentration of 10%. If placed in freshwater, the cell will(A) Plasmolyze(B) Swell and eventually lyse(C) Endocytose
Three distinct bird species, flicker, woodpecker, and elf owl, all inhabit a large cactus, Cereus giganteus, in the desert of Arizona. Since competition among these birds rarely occurs, the most
Lampreys attach to the skin of lake trout and absorb nutrients from its body. This relationship is an example of(A) Commensalism(B) Parasitism(C) Mutualism(D) Gravitropism
Which of the following is true when the level of CTP is low in a cell?(A) CTP is converted to ATCase.(B) The metabolic traffic down the pathway increases.(C) ATCase is inhibited, which slows down CTP
The nucleotide sequence of a template DNA molecule is 5'-C-A-T-3'. An mRNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA. What would be the sequence of the anticodon that binds to
Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theory because they(A) Require a host cell(B) Do not contain a genome(C) Do not contain a nuclei(D) Cannot evolve via mechanisms that cells evolve from
In DNA replication, which of the following occurs?(A) Topoisomerase unwinds the double helix.(B) DNA ligase links the Okazaki fragments.(C) RNA polymerase is used to elongate both chains of the
This enzymatic phenomenon is an example of(A) Transcription(B) Feedback inhibition(C) Dehydration synthesis(D) PhotosynthesisThe following synthetic pathway of nRNA pyrimidine, cytidine 5′
The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to that of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that(A) Humans and dogs are more
Two individuals, one with type B blood which can be IBi or IBIB and one with type AB blood with genotype IAIB, have a child. The probability that the child has type O blood, which is caused by
A radioactive isotope of hydrogen, 3H, is called tritium. Tritium differs from the more common form of hydrogen because(A) It contains two neutrons and one proton in its nucleus(B) It contains one
Movement of substances into the cell is largely dependent on the size, polarity, and concentration gradient of the substance. Which of the following represents an example of active transport of a
The development of electron microscopy has provided key insights into many aspects of cellular structure and function, which had previously been too small to be seen. All of the following would
Vibrio cholerae (shown below) are highly pathogenic bacteria that are associated with severe gastrointestinal illness and are the causative agent of cholera. In extreme cases, antibiotics are
In a eukaryotic cell, which of the following organelles directly work together?(A) Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, vacuoles, centrioles(B) Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, plasma
A lipid-soluble hormone, estrogen, is secreted from the ovaries. This molecule travels through the body via the bloodstream. A researcher was interested in reducing estrogen’s effect in order to
Which type of cell would be the most useful for studying the rough endoplasmic reticulum?(A) Neurons firing action potentials(B) Insulin-making cells in the pancreas(C) Bacterial cells in a colony(D)
Paramecium is a single-celled protist that lives in freshwater habitats. In these conditions, Paramecium has evolved strategies to handle the potential consequences of inhabiting this hypotonic
A cotransporter is something that moves two substances across a membrane, one passively and the other actively. The Na+K+ ATPase transports sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane
The mitochondrion is a critical organelle structure involved in cellular respiration. Below is a simple schematic of the structure of a mitochondrion. Which of the structural components labeled below
Binding of Inhibitor Y as shown below inhibits a key catalytic enzyme by inducing a structural conformation change. Which of the following accurately describes the role of Inhibitor Y? (A) Inhibitor
Which of the following are the most closely related?(A) Aquifex and diplomonads(B) Animals and fungi(C) Halophiles and entamoebae(D) There is not enough information given.
Which of the following is a true statement according to the figure?(A) R-strategists are unlikely to die young.(B) The death rate for a c-strategist is constant.(C) Humans are an example of an
The largest amount of energy is available to(A) Population A(B) Population B(C) Population C(D) Population DShows the relative biomass of four different populations of a particular food pyramid.
Which of the following would be the most likely result if there was an increase in the number of organisms in population C?(A) The biomass of population D will remain the same.(B) The biomass of
If a planctomyces is dividing by budding, which of the following will occur?(A) A mitotic spindle will pull chromosome segments to opposite ends of the cell.(B) Enzymes will unwind the helix and copy
During which phase do chromosomes replicate?(A) G1(B) S(C) G2(D) MThe cell cycle is a series of events in the life of a dividing eukaryotic cell. It consists of four stages: G1, S, G2, and M. The
In mammalian cells, the first sign of mitosis beginning is the(A) Appearance of chromosomes(B) Separation of chromatids(C) Disappearance of the cell membrane(D) Replication of chromosomesThe cell
In the following cladogram, a common ancestor (*) and species derived from it are illustrated. How many species have four or more common ancestors with Iguanodon?a. 1b. 2c. 4d. 6
Which of the following would make the Calvin-Benson cycle unnecessary?(A) If the light-dependent reactions made sugar and ATP(B) If plants could make ATP in their electron transport chain(C) If
If the cell cycle fails to progress, which of the following is a possible explanation?(A) There are adequate phosphate groups available for the cyclin-dependent kinase.(B) An oncogene inhibits the
Since neurons are destined never to divide again, what conclusion can be made?(A) These cells will go through cell division.(B) These cells will be permanently arrested in the G0 phase.(C) These
What is the best testable null hypothesis for the above experiment?(A) Female butterflies prefer the scent of chemicals produced by males of their own species over the control chemicals.(B) Female
Which of the following affects higher order protein structure?(A) Ester linkages between amino acids(B) Amino acid sequence order(C) Hydrogen bonding between R groups on different polypeptides(D)
Which of the following organisms in this population are secondary consumers?(A) Sharks(B) Phytoplankton(C) Herrings(D) Small crustaceansA marine ecosystem was sampled in order to determine its food
Based on the data, which is the LEAST possible location for Snippeiq to be placed?(A) Position O(B) Position P(C) Position R(D) Position SShow 5 species of insects that were discovered on a
Which of the following organisms has the largest biomass in this food chain?(A) Phytoplankton(B) Mackerels(C) Herrings(D) SharksA marine ecosystem was sampled in order to determine its food chain.
A chi-squared analysis would be performed in this experiment to make which of the following conclusions?(A) To calculate that there is 1 degree of freedom(B) To determine if the null hypothesis can
Which location contains the oldest common ancestor?(A) Position I(B) Position II(C) Position III(D) Position IVShow 5 species of insects that were discovered on a previously unknown island and were

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