Questions and Answers of The Princeton Review AP Biology Premium

If the herring population is reduced by predation, which of the following would most likely be a secondary effect on the ecosystem?(A) The mackerels will be the largest predator in the ecosystem.(B)
Which species is the out-group?(A) Snippeiq(B) Fixxels(C) Snorflak(D) SqellertShow 5 species of insects that were discovered on a previously unknown island and were named as shown in the table.
If the mRNA sequence transcribed from one of the above sequences is 5' GAUUCCUACAUCAG 3', what is the sequence of the coding strand of DNA?(A) 3' CTAAGGATGTAGTC 5'(B) 5' GACTACATCCTTAG 3'(C) 5'
Which of the following is the LEAST closely related according to the phylogenetic tree?(A) B. physalus and B. brydei(B) B. boreales and B. brydei(C) B. musculus and B. brydei(D) B. musculus and
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sequence 1 and sequence 2?(A) Sequence 1 is less likely to be a coding sequence.(B) Sequence 2 is more likely to degrade over time.(C)
The two most closely related organisms are(A) Sea anemone and hagfish(B) Eel and salamander(C) Hagfish and eel(D) Sea anemone and salamanderData below concerning the general animal body plan of four
In a closed population, squirrel teeth can be either long or short. The long teeth allele is classically dominant. If there are 320 squirrels with long teeth and 40 squirrels with short teeth, what
Data below concerning the general animal body plan of four organisms.The correct order of evolution for the traits above is(A) Jaws – vertebral column – walking legs(B) Walking legs – jaws –
Blood pressure is determined by the volume of the blood and the peripheral resistance of the blood vessels. Blood volume is dependent upon hydration level and osmotic pressure within the blood.
Pre- and post-zygotic barriers exist that prevent two different species from producing viable offspring. Which of the following is an example of a post-zygotic barrier to reproduction?(A) Anatomical
Birds and insects have both adapted wings to travel by flight. The wings of birds and insects are an example of(A) Divergent evolution(B) Convergent evolution(C) Speciation(D) Genetic drift
This organism is most likely a new species of which of the following?(A) Algae(B) Protozoa(C) Bacteria(D) FungiA new unicellular organism has recently been identified living in thermal pools in
How many net ATP would be generated directly from glycolysis from the breakdown of 2 glucose molecules?(A) 2(B) 4(C) 8(D) 12Glycolysis (shown below) is a critical metabolic pathway that is utilized
Glycolysis does not require oxygen to occur in cells. However, under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis normally requires fermentation pathways to occur to continue to produce ATP. Which best describes
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or disorder, is constantly increasing in the universe for spontaneous processes. Therefore, how is it possible that organisms exist in very
The biosynthesis of cytidine 5′-triphosphate requires(A) A ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base(B) A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base(C) A ribose sugar,
Acid precipitation is caused by the release of molecules, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, into the atmosphere, where they chemically react with oxygen and water. The products of these
The Krebs cycle in humans releases(A) Carbon dioxide(B) Pyruvate(C) Glucose(D) Lactic acid
A heterotroph(A) Obtains its energy from sunlight, harnessed by pigments(B) Obtains its energy by catabolizing organic molecules(C) Makes organic molecules from CO2(D) Obtains its energy by consuming
Regarding meiosis and mitosis, one difference between the two forms of cellular reproduction is that in meiosis(A) There is one round of cell division, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell
A feature of amino acids that is NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence of(A) Carbon atoms(B) Oxygen atoms(C) Nitrogen atoms(D) Hydrogen atoms
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?(A) Circular double-stranded DNA(B) Membrane-bound cellular organelles(C) Plasma membrane consisting of lipids and proteins(D)
Which of the following best explains why a population is described as the evolutionary unit?(A) Genetic changes can occur only at the population level.(B) The gene pool in a population remains fixed
The endocrine system maintains homeostasis using many feedback mechanisms. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?(A) Infant suckling causes a mother’s brain to release oxytocin,
Life is believed to have begun 3.5 million years ago. During this time, which of the following gases did the atmosphere on primitive Earth lack?(A) Oxygen(B) Carbon dioxide(C) Ammonia(D) Methane
Which of the following plays a role in the formation of fingers and toes in human embryos?(A) apoptosis(B) meiosis(C) operons(D) plasmids M
A large island is devastated by a volcanic eruption. Most of the horses die except for the heaviest males and heaviest females of the group. They survive, reproduce, and perpetuate the population. If
The small intestine is the main site of absorption. It can accomplish it so efficiently because of villi and microvilli that sculpt the membrane into hair-like projections. They likely aid in
The pancreas is a major accessory organ in the digestive system. Which of the following would destroy the function of the digestive products produced by the pancreas?(A) A decrease in absorption
In animal cells, which of the following represents the most likely pathway that a secreted protein takes as it is synthesized in a cell?(A) Plasma membrane–Golgi apparatus–ribosome– secretory
Which of the following statements is correct regarding genes shared between family members?(A) Humans share approximately 25% of their genes with each of their siblings.(B) Humans share approximately
Once specific genes, such as the gene coding for ampicillin, have been incorporated into a plasmid, the plasmid may be used to carry out a transformation, which is(A) Inserting it into a
Although mutations occur at a regular and predictable rate, which of the following statements is a possible reason that the frequency of mutation often appears to be low?(A) Some mutations produce
A scientist wants to test the effect of temperature on seed germination. Which of the following should be part of the experimental design?(A) Use temperature as the dependent variable and alter the
A mustard plant seed undergoes a polyploidy event resulting in the new plant's pollen being unable to pollinate the plant that originally produced the seed despite them being less than a meter apart.
Which of the following chambers or vessels carry deoxygenated blood in the human heart?(A) 1 only(B) 2 and 3(C) 1, 2, 3, 4(D) 4 and 5Pumping blood through the human heart must be carefully organized
Which of the following is most correct concerning cell differentiation in vertebrates?(A) Cells in different tissues contain different sets of genes, leading to structural and functional
Blood is pumped via heart contractions triggered by action potentials spreading through the heart muscle. If there is a sudden increase in blood in chamber 3, which chamber of the heart received an
Which of the following statements correctly describes meiosis?(A) Meiosis produces four diploid gametes.(B) Homologous chromosomes join during meiosis II.(C) Sister chromatids separate during meiosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of asexual reproduction in animals?(A) Progeny cells have a different number of chromosomes from the parent cell.(B) Progeny cells are identical to the
Some strains of viruses can change normal mammalian cells into cancer cells in vitro. Which of the following is the best explanation for this impact on the mammalian cell?(A) A pilus is formed
A scientist wants to explore events that can prevent interspecies breeding. Which of the following breeding combinations would allow the scientist to investigate barriers to interspecies breeding?(A)
Transpiration is a result of special properties of water. Which of the following is a special property of water that makes transpiration possible?(A) nonpolarity(B) adhesion(C) high heat capacity(D)
Which of the following would most improve the statistical significance of the results?(A) Let the plants grow for a longer period of time.(B) Add more conditions to test, such as amount of light and
Photoperiodism in plants, in which plants respond to the stimulus of the day lengthening or shortening, can be best compared to which of the following phenomena in animals?(A) Viral infection(B)
In most ecosystems, gross primary productivity-the total amount of chemical energy that producers create in a given time-is not entirely available for the consumers to utilize due to which
Hawkmoths are insects that are similar in appearance and behavior to hummingbirds. Which of the following is a valid explanation for these similarities?(A) These organisms are examples of convergent
Which of the following describes a mutualistic relationship?(A) A tapeworm feeds off its host's nutrients, causing the host to lose large amounts of weight.(B) Certain plants grow on trees in order
The pancreas is an organ that makes insulin and glucagon in its beta and alpha cells, respectively. Insulin is released when blood glucose is high, and glucagon is released when blood glucose is low.
The calypso orchid, Calypso bulbosa, grows in close association with mycorrhizae fungi. The fungi penetrate the roots of the flower and take advantage of the plant's food resources. The fungi
Which of the following are characteristics of both bacteria and fungi?(A) Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane(B) Nucleus, organelles, and unicellularity(C) Plasma membrane, multicellularity, and
The synthesis of new proteins necessary for lactose utilization by the bacterium E. coli using the lac operon is regulated by the ability of RNA polymerase to bind and advance. This regulation can
Trypsin is a digestive enzyme. It cleaves polypeptides after lysine and arginine amino acid residues. Which of the following statements about trypsin is NOT true?(A) It is an organic compound made of
Which of the following is true about genetic variation?(A) Mutation is the greatest source of genetic variation.(B) Ecosystems with high levels of genetic variation are not resistant to stress.(C)
The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to(A) Break down glucose(B) Make glucose(C) Produce ATP(D) Make NADH
If a plant undergoing the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis began to release 18O2 instead of normal oxygen, one could most reasonably conclude that the plant had been supplied with(A) H2O
Yeast haploid cells secrete pheromones to other yeast to indicate they want to mate, and others respond by growing toward these potential mates. The pheromones bind to a receptor, which eventually
Homologous structures are often cited as evidence for the process of natural selection. Which of the following is an example of a pair of analogous structures?(A) The forearms of a cat and the wings
Certain populations of finches have long been isolated on the Galapagos Islands off the western coast of South America. Compared with the larger stock population of mainland finches, these separate
Which of the following contributes the MOST to genetic variability in a population?(A) Sporulation(B) Binary fission(C) Vegetative propagation(D) Mutation
The brain of the frog is destroyed. A piece of acid-soaked paper is applied to the frog’s skin. Every time the piece of paper is placed on its skin, one leg moves upward. Which of the following
A dance by the Lenoxian bird is one of the most highly complex mating rituals. Precision and flamboyancy are key to wooing a mate. The natural predator of the Lenoxian bird also enjoys the spirited
Approximately how long does S phase take to occur in these cells?(A) 15 min(B) 20 min(C) 30 min(D) 40 minAn experiment is performed to evaluate the amount of DNA present during a complete cell cycle.
During which of the labeled phases of the experiment would the cell undergo anaphase?(A) Phase A(B) Phase B(C) Phase C(D) Phase DAn experiment is performed to evaluate the amount of DNA present
Assuming that the woman in the couple is a carrier, what is the probability that the couple’s first son will have hemophilia?(A) 0%(B) 25%(C) 50%(D) 100%Hemophilia is an X-linked disease associated
Why were both women in the family tree above free of the disease?(A) They were lucky because they didn’t receive an X chromosome with the diseased allele.(B) They cannot get hemophilia because it
Turner syndrome is a disease in which an individual is born with only a single X chromosome. Suppose the woman in the couple is a carrier for hemophilia and has a child with Turner syndrome. Would
If a weevil were introduced to the ecosystem that lived at a depth of 17 centimeters, how would the carrot length change in the coming years?(A) It would likely return to its original long size.(B)
Which carrot phenotype was selected for over time?(A) Thinner carrots(B) Longer carrots(C) Shorter carrots(D) Heavier carrotsA small family farm has documented Tonduly carrot growth for a hundred
What does a GPCR's capability of making a ligandinduced conformational change allow?(A) Binding of the ligand to the phospholipid head groups within the membrane(B) Communication between the outside
Which of the following situations is most similar to extracellular binding to a GPCR?(A) A police officer pulling over a speeding car on the expressway(B) A celebrity chef visiting the kitchen of
Based on Figure 1, which of the following is the first step in the activation of cAMP-dPK?(A) The exchange of GTP for GDP(B) The binding of epinephrine(C) The separation of a-GTP(D) Phosphorylation
A setup like a GPCR is unnecessary in which of the following situations?(A) The signaling event is very specific.(B) The ligand is a hormone traveling in the bloodstream.(C) The effector molecules
What is the frequency of plants in the greenhouse garden that are heterozygous for the flower color trait?(A) 0.27(B) 0.39(C) 0.5(D) 0.74A nettle has been discovered, native to a nation, that
What frequency of the alleles in the greenhouse garden are recessive for the flower color trait?(A) 0.14(B) 0.27(C) 0.38(D) 0.56A nettle has been discovered, native to a nation, that produces tiny
The F1 generation shown in Table 1 was crossed with a true-breeding pink nettle. What percentage of offspring would have pink flowers?(A) 0%(B) 25%(C) 50%(D) 100%A nettle has been discovered, native
Which of the following could NOT be represented by Figure 1?(A) A monomer used to build a protein(B) A nucleotide(C) A reactant used to synthesize nucleic acids(D) A chemical used to relay genetic
The following table lists the intracellular osmolality concentrations of four osmoconforming organisms that are known to mimic the osmotic conditions of their surroundings.If a large amount of salt
The microbiome is a collection of microbes, such as bacteria and viruses, that live in/on the human body. Sites of colonization include the skin, nasal passages, mouth, and gut. Links between the
The following table lists the intracellular osmolality concentrations of four osmoconforming organisms that are known to mimic the osmotic conditions of their surroundings.Which of the following
Which could decrease the osmolalities of the organisms?(A) Sodium is added to the sealed tank.(B) Chloride is injected into the organism.(C) Glucose is ingested by the organism.(D) Water is added to
Point mutations were introduced in the nucleic acid sequence to modify the sequence of NAH to make it more like NAA. The enzyme activity was assessed.(a) Explain how changing a single nucleotide can
Researchers were interested in the effect of temperature on the respiration rate of crickets. Three chambers were prepared and kept at three different temperatures. A cricket was placed in each
In Figure 1, the values above branches indicate bootstrapped confidence values. Branch lengths are proportional to percent similarity in viral envelope gene sequence. TBE: tick borne encephalitis;
The active site of the enzyme Ritzolinine (RZN45) contains three positively charged lysine residues. When ascorbic acid is present, binding of JB-76, the substrate of RZN45, decreases. The reaction
In a city in Australia there is a population of moths that live in the grass, rarely taking flight except for short journeys. There are two phenotypes for wing color: green and beige. The largest
Which is the best explanation for the differing effects on reaction rate caused by ascorbic acid at low and high concentrations of JB-76?(A) At high concentrations of JB-76, there are fewer free
A patient with Ritzolierre’s Disease would likely benefit from which of the following:I. Injections of RZN45II. Injections of JB-76III. Injections of ascorbic acid(A) I only(B) II only(C) III
If Figure 1 were to include additional data for higher concentrations of JB-76, how would the reaction rate change?(A) The reaction rate would be lower than any reaction rate shown in Figure 1.(B)
The Galapagos Islands contain about 15 species of finches that vary in terms of beak size and strength. The differences are believed to have occurred as a result of allopatric speciation acting on
Figure 1 shows a cell at the onset of meiosis (just prior to initiation of prophase I) and the resulting 4 gametes achieved at the end of meiosis. Select the statement that is likely true.(A) Meiosis
Scientists identified a mutant allele of the Fursilla gene caused by a deletion of bases 1231-1295 on chromosome 8. What is the likely effect of this mutation? (A) No transcription and no
Which of the following would likely produce a dog with the darkest fur?(A) High levels of LSFR and high levels of DRKFR(B) High levels of LSFR and low levels of DRKFR(C) Low levels of LSFR and high
Based on the data, which of the following most likely describes how the binding of proteins affects the production of Fursilla transcript?(A) Because Fursilla transcript levels change when certain
An additional protein, Baldidog (BLD), was identified and found to interact with the DRKFR protein. Based on this information, which of the following best describes why these proteins are able to
How would the overexpression of BLD affect the transcript levels of Fursilla?(A) Fursilla transcript levels would increase.(B) Fursilla transcript levels would decrease.(C) Fursilla transcript levels
Water molecules experience intermolecular forces when interacting with each other. Which of the following would most likely occur if water became a nonpolar molecule?(A) Polar solutes would dissolve
Which of the following might account for the variations in maximal jaw angle?(A) Different wind speeds on each island(B) Different heights of trees on each island(C) Different sizes of seeds on each
If the mice from Island A and the mice from Island B were placed together, what would likely happen? (A) The mice would mate, but it is impossible to predict jaw angle.(B) The mice would mate, and
Skeletons have been found that indicate that mice with jaw angles less than 30 degrees were once found on Island B. Which explanation best accounts for this?(A) A small jaw angle hinders the survival

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