Questions and Answers of The Princeton Review AP Biology Premium

Which of the following hypotheses about why the noinhibitor graph plateaus after 10% H2O2 is supported?(A) Water begins to act as an inhibitor.(B) All the HRP is fully engaged.(C) There is no more
Immediately after the translation of methionine, a chemical is added which deletes all remaining uracil nucleotides in the mRNA. Which of the following represents the resulting amino acid
What is the substrate in this reaction?(A) H2O2(B) HRP(C) Water(D) OxygenHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is broken down into oxygen and water by the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This reaction can be
Which of the following DNA strands is the template strand that led to the amino acid sequence shown above?(A) 3'-ATGCGACCAGCACGT-5'(B) 3'-AUGCCACUAGCACGU-5'(C) 3'-TACGGTGATCGTGCA-5'(D)
Which of the sources of evolutionary evidence would be the most reliable of those listed?(A) Embryology(B) Morphology(C) Paleontology(D) Molecular biologyScientists used embryology, morphology,
Which 2 species would you expect to have the most shared derived characters?(A) Snippeiq and Sqellert(B) Gerdellen and Sqellert(C) Snorflak and Gerdellen(D) Snorflak and FixxelsShow 5 species of
Photosynthesis likely began_______ billion years ago when the first ____________ appeared.(A) 4.5; autotrophs(B) 3.2; autotrophs(C) 3.5; heterotrophs(D) 3.2; heterotrophsIt is difficult to determine
During a dive, a Weddell seal's blood flow to the abdominal organs is shut off, and oxygen-rich blood is diverted to the eyes, brain, and spinal cord. Which of the following is the most likely reason
When is the earliest that functional ribosomes could have been found?(A) Between 4 billion and 3.5 billion years ago(B) Between 3.5 billion and 3.25 billion years ago(C) Between 3.25 billion and 3
Compared with humans, approximately how many liters of oxygen does the Weddell seal store per kilogram of body weight?(A) The same amount of oxygen(B) Twice the amount of oxygen(C) Three times the
Which best describes the origin of life according to the data?(A) Life required an environment with atmospheric oxygen and any type of nucleic acids.(B) Life required an environment with atmospheric
Which of the following other pathways also demonstrate positive feedback?(A) Glycolysis leads to the production of ATP. ATP, in turn, turns off the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes a key
The rainfall and biomass of several trophic levels in an ecosystem were measured over several years. The results are shown in the graph below.Which of the following graphs best depicts the projected
Why does it take 75 years for a beech-maple to occur in the figure above?(A) Beech seeds have a very long period of dormancy prior to germination.(B) It takes an average of 75 years for conifer trees
If it rained 120 inches, what would you project the primary consumer biomass to be?(A) 150–200(B) 60(C) 45(D) 20The rainfall and biomass of several trophic levels in an ecosystem were measured over
A totipotent embryonic cell has the most cell potency. Which of the following is most likely to be totipotent?(A) 8-cell zygote(B) Inner cell mass(C) Mesoderm(D) Digestive tractEmbryogenesis is a
Which of the following concepts is best demonstrated by this experiment?(A) Populations with higher genetic variation can withstand droughts better.(B) Meteorological impacts will affect the
The inner cell mass is what eventually forms the embryo. During development, the embryo differentiates into various types of cell layers. Which of the following is NOT one of them?(A) Cell morula(B)
Which of the following situations likely stimulates gluconeogenesis?(A) High levels of insulin(B) High levels of F-2,6-BP(C) High levels of glucagon(D) High levels of ADPDiabetes mellitus is a
Which of the following conditions would lead to increased production of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?(A) High ATP and high citrate(B) High AMP and high citrate(C) High AMP and high F-2,6-BP(D) High ATP
In order for snails to return to Richard Creek, the pH of the creek must exceed(A) 5.4(B) 5.7(C) 6.0(D) 6.1Over the period of 1980 to 2000, the average pH in Richard Creek changed drastically. An
Patients with type I diabetes often require insulin injections. Which of the following situations would most require an insulin injection?(A) After eating a stalk of celery(B) After eating a
The following are important pieces of replication and transcription machinery:Which of the following figures would be present without helicase? XXXX Double helix DNA polymerase RNA polymerase Unwound
What are the preferred growth conditions for Species B?(A) pH 7, 40 mL, any time of day(B) pH 10, 40 mL, 7:00 a.m.(C) pH 7, 80 mL, any time of day(D) pH 10, 80 mL, 12:00 p.m.An experiment was
For which conditions do the species have different preferences?(A) pH(B) Volume(C) Volume and watering time(D) pH and volume and watering timeAn experiment was performed to assess the growth of two
The unit of contraction within skeletal muscle cells is called the sarcomere. A sarcomere contracts when the filamentous protein myosin stretches into a high-energy conformation and binds to the
The ability to reclaim water from the collecting duct is directly related to the osmotic pull of the medulla. Kangaroo rats are known to produce extremely concentrated urine. Compared to a human, the
If an inhibitor of anti-diuretic hormone, such as caffeine, was ingested, what would be the result?(A) Aquaporins would appear in the collecting duct.(B) Aquaporins would increase in number in the
The extracellular environment of the human body is typically abundant in sodium and calcium. In skeletal muscle cells, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized organelle that actively sequesters
Which statement best summarizes the role of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction?(A) It prevents muscle contractions during action potentials.(B) It changes the hypertonic nature of the cytosol to
What type of transport is occurring when water flows out of the descending tubule?(A) Simple diffusion(B) Facilitated diffusion(C) Active transport(D) Secondary active transportThe Loop of Henle is a
The extracellular environment of the human body is typically abundant in sodium and calcium. In skeletal muscle cells, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized organelle that actively sequesters
Which of the following statements correctly describes the state of things near the top of the descending limb?(A) The fluid within the descending limb is hypotonic to fluid in the space surrounding
Which addition to the pond likely contributed to the change between 1958 and 2008?(A) A poisonous fish with a medium orange pigment(B) Runoff from fields that makes the water dark and murky(C) A
If a dark-colored, poisonous fish and a bird that can see only light-colored fish are added to the ecosystem in 2008, what will the graph likely look like in 50 years?A population of goldfish in a
Which of the following theories is supported by the evidence?(A) The pigment trait in fish demonstrates incomplete dominance.(B) The pigment trait in fish demonstrates classical dominance.(C) The
Which of the following best describes the fish population in the year 1958?(A) All medium-orange in color(B) Mostly medium-orange fish with some nearly white and some nearly brown(C) Mostly white
How much pO2 would it take in an extremely CO2-rich environment to saturate hemoglobin 90 percent?(A) 15(B) 30(C) 45(D) 60The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is reduced by many factors, including
Hemoglobin’s affinity for O2(A) Decreases as blood pH decreases(B) Increases as H+ concentration increases(C) Increases as blood pH decreases(D) Decreases as OH− concentration increasesThe
How many unique, non-homologous chromosomes are present in this species?(A) 4(B) 8(C) 16(D) 32The somatic cells in a newly identified sexually reproducing species are found to be octoploidy (8n), and
Which of the following processes would likely shift the normal dissociation curve to the right?(A) Photosynthesis(B) Respiration(C) Fermentation(D) MitosisThe affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is
Based on the graph, it can be concluded that(A) fetal hemoglobin surrenders O2 more readily than maternal hemoglobin(B) the dissociation curve of fetal hemoglobin is to the right of maternal
The data in the figure above would best support which conclusion?(A) If you decreased the number of females, the container would have to remain constant.(B) The number of offspring produced scales
An increase in substance F leads to the inhibition of enzyme 3. Which of the following is a direct or indirect result of the process?(A) a decrease in substance X(B) decreased activity of enzyme 6(C)
If a yellow plant from the F2 generation is crossed with a green plant from the F1 generation, what would be the green-to-yellow phenotype ratio?(A) 1:1(B) 3:1(C) 1:0(D) 1:3In a species of peas,
Which of the following situations represents feedback inhibition?(A) Protein D activating enzyme 4(B) Protein B stimulating enzyme 1(C) Protein 7 inhibiting enzyme C(D) Protein X inhibiting enzyme
Which of the following best explains the single yellow pea producing plant in the F1 generation?(A) Crossing-over occurred in the parental pea plant to provide genetic variation.(B) The law of
You are given a green pea plant with an unknown genotype. You want to figure out the genotype by crossing it with another plant and looking at the offspring. Which of the following plants would be
The restriction enzyme BAMHI predictably cuts the following sequence at the locations designated by the stars.5' G*GATCC 3'3' CCTAG*G 5'Which of the following DNA helix sequences would be cut into 3
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the abrupt decrease in pH in Richard Creek?(A) Greenhouse effect(B) Deforestation(C) Acid rain(D) PollutionOver the period of 1980 to 2000,
According to the data in Figure 1 and Table 1, the average pH in the creek is most nearly which of the following?(A) 5.9(B) 5.5(C) 5.1(D) 4.7Over the period of 1980 to 2000, the average pH in Richard
How would the results of this study have been different if factories produced white or light gray ash and soot rather than black?(A) There would be no change to the results of the experiment.(B)
Why was the population of longtail moths also surveyed in this study?(A) Variations in the environment were expected to alter the population of longtail moths.(B) Longtail moths were included as a
Which of the following statements best explains the data?(A) As time passed from 1802 to 1902, the frequency of white-bodied pepper moths increased and blackbodied pepper moths decreased.(B) As time
What type of selection is represented by the results of this study?(A) Stabilizing selection(B) Directional selection(C) Disruptive selection(D) Divergent selectionDuring the Industrial Revolution, a
A scientist is testing new chemicals designed to stop the cell cycle at various stages of mitosis. Upon applying one of the chemicals, she notices that all of the cells appear as shown below. Which
Which of the following conditions likely describes the living environment of Taq bacteria?(A) Freshwater with acidic pH(B) Hydrothermal vents reaching temperatures between 70–75°C(C) Hot springs
Which of the following most accurately describes the net reaction of glycolysis?(A) It is an endergonic process because it results in a net increase in energy.(B) It is an exergonic process because
A single-step chemical reaction is catalyzed by the addition of an enzyme. Which of the reaction coordinate diagrams accurately shows the effect of the added enzyme (represented by the dashed line)
A scientist believes that the Miller-Urey experiment failed to yield the remaining amino acids and the nucleic acids because of the absence of critical chemical substrates that would have existed on
If true, which of the following would account for the average weevil depth changing to 17 centimeters in 2030?(A) The average carrot length changed to 15 centimeters.(B) The radishes completely
The average carrot consumer prefers long carrots. What should be done to promote the growth of longer carrots?I. Remove the weevil populationII. Cross the longest carrot of each generationIII.
A small family farm has documented Tonduly carrot growth for a hundred years in a Midwest microclimate. The average lengths and masses of the carrots are shown in the table below. The same ecosystem
Antibiotic resistance occurs when drugs or chemicals used to treat an illness become less effective. Some varieties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have become resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. Which
Water is a critical component of life due to its unique structural and chemical properties. Which of the following does NOT describe a way that the exceptional characteristics of water are used in
Catabolism refers to breaking down complex macromolecules into their basic components. Many biological processes use hydrolysis for catabolism. Hydrolysis of proteins could directly result in(A) Free
The intracellular pH of human cells is approximately 7.4. Yet, the pH within the lumen (inside) of the human stomach averages 1.5. Which of the following accurately describes the difference between
Amino acids are the basic molecular units which compose proteins. All life on the planet forms proteins by forming chains of amino acids. Which component of Figure 1 will vary from amino acid to
Which of the following contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and are often found in cell plasma membranes?(A) Nucleotides(B) Phospholipids(C) Water(D) Amino acids
Maltotriose is a trisaccharide composed of three glucose molecules linked through α-1,4 glycosidic linkages formed via dehydration synthesis. What would the formula be for maltotriose?(A)
In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey performed an experiment at the University of Chicago to test the hypothesis that the conditions of the early Earth would have favored the formation of larger,
In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey performed an experiment at the University of Chicago to test the hypothesis that the conditions of the early Earth would have favored the formation of larger,
The biggest difference between an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and an uncatalyzed reaction is that(A) The free energy between the reactants and the products does not change(B) The free energy difference
Two groups of cells were grown under identical conditions. Mitochondria from each group were isolated and half of them were placed in a low pH (approximately pH 6.8) and the other half were placed in
Trisomy 21, which results in Down syndrome, results from nondisjunction of chromosome 21 in humans. Nondisjunction occurs when two homologous chromosomes, or two sister chromatids, do not separate.
A researcher isolates DNA from different types of cells and determines the amount of DNA for each type of cell. The samples may contain cells in various stages of the cell cycle. Which of the
Which of the following mutations would be LEAST likely to have any discernible phenotype on the individual?(A) Translocation of the last 1,000 base pairs of chromosome 1 onto chromosome 2(B)
Two expecting parents wish to determine all possible blood types of their unborn child. If both parents have an AB blood type, which of the following blood types will their child NOT possess?(A) A(B)
A new species of tulip was recently discovered. A population of pure red tulips was crossed with a population of pure blue tulips. The resulting F1 generation was all purple. This result is an
In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t) and green (G) is dominant over yellow (g). If a pea plant that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with a plant that is recessive for both
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by blindness, loss of cognitive and motor function, and early death. One of the genes that is mutated in
A breeder of black Labrador puppies notices that in his line a gene predisposing his dogs for white spots has arisen. He believes the white spot allele is autosomal recessive, and he wants to prevent
Which of the following is a reason why certain traits do not follow Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?(A) The genes are linked on the same chromosome.(B) It applies only to eukaryotes.(C)
The gene for coat color in some breeds of cats is found on the X chromosome. Calico cats are mottled with orange and black colorings. What is a possible explanation for the fact that true calico cats
A geneticist has discovered a yeast cell, which encodes a DNA polymerase that may add nucleotides in both the 5′ to 3′ and 3′ to 5′ directions. Which of the following structures would this
A eukaryotic gene, which does not normally undergo splicing, was exposed to benzopyrene, a known carcinogen and mutagen. Following exposure, the protein encoded by the gene was shorter than before
DNA replication occurs through a complex series of steps involving several enzymes. Which of the following represents the correct order beginning with the earliest activity of enzymes involved in DNA
If a messenger RNA codon is UAC, which of the following would be the complementary anticodon triplet in the transfer RNA?(A) ATG(B) AUC(C) AUG(D) ATT
During post-translational modification, the polypeptide from a eukaryotic cell typically undergoes substantial alteration that results in(A) Excision of introns(B) Addition of a poly(A) tail(C)
Which of the following represents the maximum number of amino acids that could be incorporated into a polypeptide encoded by 21 nucleotides of messenger RNA?(A) 3(B) 7(C) 21(D) 42
A researcher uses molecular biology techniques to insert a human lysosomal membrane protein into bacterial cells to produce large quantities of this protein for later study. However, only small
BamHI is a restriction enzyme derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens that recognizes short palindromic sequences in DNA. When the enzyme recognizes these sequences, it cleaves the DNA. What purpose
Viruses and bacteria have which of the following in common?(A) Ribosomes(B) Nucleic acids(C) Flagella(D) Metabolism
Griffith was a researcher who coined the term transformation when he noticed that incubating nonpathogenic bacteria with heat-killed pathogenic bacteria produced bacteria that ultimately became
A biologist systematically removes each of the proteins involved in DNA replication to determine the effect each has on the process. In one experiment, after separating the strands of DNA, she sees
The eye structures of mammals and cephalopods such as squid evolved independently to perform very similar functions and have similar structures. This evolution is an example of which of the
The Middle East blind mole rat (Nannosplalax ehrenbergi) lives in the Upper Galilee Mountains of Israel. Two groups of these mole rats live in the same region, but scientists discovered that there is
What is most likely to occur with respect to the number of red-haired individuals on the island?(A) There will be no change in the overall number of red-haired people in the population over time.(B)
Evolution does not occur when a population is said to be in equilibrium by the Hardy-Weinberg definition. In the situation above, which of the following does NOT support the claim that evolution will
Peacock males have evolved to have huge, beautiful tails with numerous large eye spots. Long, colorful tails are difficult to carry when you are running from a predator. However, peahens (female

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