Question: The contingency table shows results from a Norwegian study about whether there was an association between pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and sick leave during pregnancy

The contingency table shows results from a Norwegian study about whether there was an association between pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and sick leave during pregnancy (Malmqvist et al., 2015).

a. The study was retrospective. Explain what this means in the context of this study.

b. Explain what is meant by cases and controls in the headings of the table.

c. What proportion had been on sick leave, of those in the study who (i) had PGP and (ii) did not have PGP?

Sick Leave Yes No Total PGP and Sick Leave Cases Controls 193

Sick Leave Yes No Total PGP and Sick Leave Cases Controls 193 236 28 111 221 347

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