Statistical Reasoning For Everyday Life 4th International Edition Jeffrey Bennett, William L. Briggs, Mario F. Triola - Solutions

When purchasing lunch in a cafeteria, the actual (true value) of change due is $$2.75,$ but the incorrect amount of $$1.75$ is given instead.Find the values of the absolute and relative errors.
Last year there were 38,929 deaths in the United States due to motor vehicle crashes.For each statement, briefly discuss possible sources of error in the measurement. Then, considering the precision with which the measurement is given, discuss whether you think the fact is believable.
Last year, the population of China was 1,339,414,205 people.For each statement, briefly discuss possible sources of error in the measurement. Then, considering the precision with which the measurement is given, discuss whether you think the fact is believable.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is 2,717 feet tall, making it the world’s tallest building.For each statement, briefly discuss possible sources of error in the measurement. Then, considering the precision with which the measurement is given, discuss whether you think the fact is believable.
The St. Louis Gateway Arch is 630.2377599694 feet tall.For each statement, briefly discuss possible sources of error in the measurement. Then, considering the precision with which the measurement is given, discuss whether you think the fact is believable.
The Newport Chronicle reported that there are now 5 billion cell phones in use.For each statement, briefly discuss possible sources of error in the measurement. Then, considering the precision with which the measurement is given, discuss whether you think the fact is believable.
Wikipedia reports that there are currently 14,261,778 college students in the United States.For each statement, briefly discuss possible sources of error in the measurement. Then, considering the precision with which the measurement is given, discuss whether you think the fact is believable.
The U.S. government now lists 1,879 endangered or threatened species of animals and plants. The census. Go to the Web site for the U.S. Census Bureau and learn about the census conducted every 10 years. How and when will data be collected for the next census? Are any significant changes in the
In an Opinion Research poll, 1,072 adults were asked what they would do with their old cell phones, and 44.0% of them said that they would donate them to charity. What is the actual number of respondents who plan to donate their old cell phones to charity? If another poll is to be conducted with a
The percentage of people with cell phones increased by 1.2 million people.Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
The number of daily newspapers in the United States is now 1,387, and it was 2,226 in 1900.For each pair of values, use a percentage to express their relative change or difference. Use the second given value as the reference value, and express results to the nearest percentage point. Also, write a
There are now 143,781,202 registered passenger cars, and in 1980 there were 121,601,000.For each pair of values, use a percentage to express their relative change or difference. Use the second given value as the reference value, and express results to the nearest percentage point. Also, write a
This January there were 751,183 scheduled passenger flights in the United States, and in January of 1996 there were 634,343.For each pair of values, use a percentage to express their relative change or difference. Use the second given value as the reference value, and express results to the nearest
There were 1,531,997 bankruptcy cases filed last year, and in the year 2000 there were 1,276,900 bankruptcy cases filed.For each pair of values, use a percentage to express their relative change or difference. Use the second given value as the reference value, and express results to the nearest
In the current month, 18,830 Toyota Camry cars were sold, and there were 18,341 Honda Civic cars sold.For each pair of values, use a percentage to express their relative change or difference. Use the second given value as the reference value, and express results to the nearest percentage point.
Chicago’s O’Hare Airport handled 67 million passengers last year. As the busiest airport in the world, Atlanta’s Hartsfield Airport handled 89 million passengers last year.For each pair of values, use a percentage to express their relative change or difference. Use the second given value as
Last year, France ranked as the number one tourist destination with 78 million international arrivals. The United States ranked second with 58 million international arrivals. Surveys. Some important analyses of survey results require that you know the actual number of subjects whose responses fall
In an At-A-Glance survey of 1,385 office workers, 4.8% said that they do not make personal phone calls.Find the actual number of respondents corresponding to the given percentage.
In a Frank N. Magid Associates survey of 1,005 adults, 83% reported having more than one television at home.Find the actual number of respondents corresponding to the given percentage.
In a Harris Interactive survey of 9,132 adults, 89% reported being cell phone users. Of vs. More Than. Find the actual number of respondents corresponding to the given percentage.
Fill in the blanks If a truck weighs 40% more than a car, then the truck’s weight is ____% of the car’s weight.Briefly explain your reasoning in each case.
The percentage of high school seniors using alcohol decreased from 68.2% in 1975 to 52.7% now.Describe changes in which the measurements themselves are percentages. Express each change in two ways: (1) as an absolute difference in terms of percentage points and (2) as a relative difference in terms
The percentage of the world’s population living in developed countries decreased from 27.1% in 1970 to 19.5% now.Describe changes in which the measurements themselves are percentages. Express each change in two ways: (1) as an absolute difference in terms of percentage points and (2) as a
The five-year survival rate for Blacks for all forms of cancer increased from 27% in the 1960s to 48% now.Describe changes in which the measurements themselves are percentages. Express each change in two ways: (1) as an absolute difference in terms of percentage points and (2) as a relative
Consider this quote: “The rate [of smoking] among 10th graders jumped 45 percent, to 18.3 percent, and the rate for 8th graders is up 44 percent, to 10.4 percent.” Briefly explain the meaning of each of the percentages in this statement.
A newspaper reports that the Gas Price Index in 2011 was $$3.92$ per gallon. What is wrong with that statement?
If computer costs in the year 2000 are set equal to 100 so they can be used as the basis for determining index numbers, and the index number for the year 2012 is 15, what do we know about computer costs in 2012 compared with computer costs in 2000?
If the prices of goods, services, and housing increase, must the Consumer Price Index increase? Explain.
If the Consumer Price Index increases, must wages also increase? Explain
Use the gasoline price index from Table 1. Briefly explain your reasoning in each case.Suppose the cost of gasoline today is $$5.00$ per gallon. What is the price index number for gasoline today, with the 1980 price as the reference value? TABLE 1 Average Gasoline Prices (per gallon) Price as a
Use the gasoline price index from Table 1. Briefly explain your reasoning in each case.The average price of a gallon of gas was $$2.62$ in 2006. What is the price index for gasoline in 2006, with the 1980 price as the reference value?Data From Table 1:- TABLE 1 Average Gasoline Prices (per
Use the gasoline price index from Table 1. Briefly explain your reasoning in each case.Using the 1980 price as the reference value, the gasoline price index for 1998 is 0.9. What was the cost of a gallon of gasoline in 1998?Data From Table 1:- TABLE 1 Average Gasoline Prices (per gallon) Year Price
Use the gasoline price index from Table 1. Briefly explain your reasoning in each case.Using the 1980 price as the reference value, the gasoline price index for 2005 is 189.3. What was the cost of a gallon of gasoline in 2005?Data From Table 1:- TABLE 1 Average Gasoline Prices (per gallon) Year
If you see a house valued at $300,000 in Denver, find the price of a comparable house in Miami and Cheyenne.Realtors use an index to compare housing prices in major cities throughout the country. The index numbers for several cities are given in the table below. If you know the price of a
If you see a house valued at $500,000 in Boston, find the price of a comparable house in Baltimore and Phoenix.Realtors use an index to compare housing prices in major cities throughout the country. The index numbers for several cities are given in the table below. If you know the price of a
If you see a house valued at $250,000 in Cheyenne, find the price of a comparable house in San Francisco and Boston.Realtors use an index to compare housing prices in major cities throughout the country. The index numbers for several cities are given in the table below. If you know the price of a
If you see a house valued at $1,000,000 in Boston, find the price of a comparable house in San Francisco and Cheyenne.Realtors use an index to compare housing prices in major cities throughout the country. The index numbers for several cities are given in the table below. If you know the price of a
Go to the Consumer Price Index home page and find the latest news release with updated figures for the CPI. Summarize the news release and any important trends in the CPI.
The United Nations Development Programme regularly releases its Human Development Report. A closely watched finding of this report is the Human Development Index (HDI), which measures the overall achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: life expectancy, educational
Classify each of the following sets of data as qualitative or quantitative.a. Brand names of shoes in a consumer surveyb. Scores on a multiple-choice examc. Letter grades on an essay assignmentd. Numbers on uniforms that identify players on a basketball team.
For each data set, indicate whether the data are discrete or continuous.a. Measurements of the time it takes to walk a mileb. The numbers of calendar years (such as 2013, 2014, 2015)c. The numbers of dairy cows on different farmsd. The amounts of milk produced by dairy cows on a farm.
Identify the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) for each of the following sets of data.a. Numbers on uniforms that identify players on a basketball teamb. Student rankings of cafeteria food as excellent, good, fair, or poorc. Calendar years of historic events, such as 1776,
Scientists studying global warming need to know how the average temperature of the entire Earth, or the global average temperature, has changed with time. Consider two difficulties in trying to interpret historical temperature data from the early 20th century: (1) Temperatures were measured with
Find the absolute and relative error in each case.a. Your true weight is 100 pounds, but a scale says you weigh 105 pounds.b. The government claims that a program costs $$99.0$ billion, but an audit shows that the true cost is $$100.0$ billion.
Suppose that your true weight is 102.4 pounds. The scale at the doctor’s office, which can be read only to the nearest quarter pound, says that you weigh 102-1/4 pounds. The scale at the gym, which gives a digital readout to the nearest 0.1 pound, says that you weigh 100.7 pounds. Which scale is
A newspaper reports that 54% of 1,069 people surveyed said that the President is doing a good job. How many people said that the President is doing a good job?
Estimated world population in 1950 was 2.6 billion. By the end of 2010, it had reached 6.9 billion. Describe the absolute and relative change in world population from 1950 to 2010.
According to United Nations data, life expectancy for American men is about 76 years, while life expectancy for Russian men is about 63 years. Using the life expectancy of Russian men as the reference value, compare the life expectancy of American men with that of Russian men in absolute and
In Example 2, we found that world population in 2010 was about 165% more than world population in 1950. Express this change with an “of ” statement.Data From Example 2:-Estimated world population in 1950 was 2.6 billion. By the end of 2010, it had reached 6.9 billion. Describe the absolute and
Assume that 40% of the registered voters in Carson City are Republicans. Read the following questions carefully and give the most appropriate answers.a. The percentage of voters registered as Republicans is 25% higher in Freetown than in Carson City. What percentage of the registered voters in
Suppose the cost of gasoline today is $$3.60$ per gallon. Using the 1980 price as the reference value, find the price index number for gasoline today.
Use Table 1 to answer the following questions.a. Suppose that it cost $$16.00$ to fill your gas tank in 1980. How much did it cost to buy the same amount of gas in 2010?b. Suppose that it cost $$20.00$ to fill your gas tank in 2000. How much did it cost to buy the same amount of gas in 1960?
Suppose you needed $$30,000$ to maintain a particular standard of living in 2000. How much would you have needed in 2010 to maintain the same living standard? Assume that the average price of your typical purchases has risen at the same rate as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
In 1987, the mean salary for major league baseball players was $$412,000.$ In 2011, it was $$3,319,000.$ Compare the increase in mean baseball salaries to the overall rate of inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index.
For a statistics class project, I used a convenience sample, but the results may still be meaningful.Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly; not all of these have definitive answers, so your explanation is more
The study must have been biased, because it concluded that 75% of Americans are more than 6 feet tall.Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly; not all of these have definitive answers, so your explanation is more
There are currently 3,242 convicts on death row (based on 2010 data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics). We obtained a simple random sample of those convicts by compiling a numbered list, then using a computer to randomly generate 20 numbers between 1 and 3,242, then selecting the convicts that
You want to determine the mean height of all basketball players on the LA Lakers team.Determine whether a census is practical in the situations described. Explain your reasoning.
You want to determine the mean age of all statistics instructors at the University of Colorado. representative Samples? In Exercises 13–16, identify the sample, population, and sampling method. Then comment on whether you think it is likely that the sample is representative of the
A film critic for ABC News gives her opinion of the latest movie from Disney, which also happens to own ABC.Explain.
In phase II testing of a new drug designed to increase the red blood cell count, a researcher obtains envelopes with the names and addresses of all treated subjects. She wants to increase the dosage in a sub-sample of 12 subjects, so she thoroughly mixes all of the envelopes in a bin, then pulls 12
Police set up a sobriety checkpoint at which every fifth driver is stopped and interviewed.Identify which of the following applies: simple random sample, systematic sample, convenience sample, stratified sample, or cluster sample. In each case, state whether you think the procedure is likely to
A professor surveyed students in her class to obtain sample data consisting of the number of credit cards students possess.
A sample of manufactured CDs is obtained by using a computer to randomly generate a number between 1 and 1,000 for each CD, and the CD is selected if the generated number is 1,000.
You want to predict the winner of an upcoming election for student body president.Suggest a sampling method that is likely to produce a representative sample. Explain why you chose this method over other methods.
You want to determine the average mercury content of the tuna fish consumed by U.S. residents.Suggest a sampling method that is likely to produce a representative sample. Explain why you chose this method over other methods.
A clinical trial of a new drug designed to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) is designed to last for three years, but after the first year it becomes clear that the drug is highly successful. Is it ethical to continue the trial with the result that some hypertensive subjects continue to
Apple selects a simple random sample of iPhone batteries. The voltage of each battery is measured.State the type of study. Be as specific as possible.
Apple selects a simple random sample of iPhone batteries. The voltage of each battery is measured after being heated to 43°C.State the type of study. Be as specific as possible.
In a study of hundreds of Swedish twins, it was determined that the level of mental skills was more similar in identical twins (twins coming from a single egg) than in fraternal twins (twins coming from two separate eggs) (Science).State the type of study. Be as specific as possible.
An America Online (AOL) poll resulted in 1,651 responses to the question that asked which of four organizations has the most unethical people in charge. Among the respondents, 36% chose government.State the type of study. Be as specific as possible.
Researchers at New York University found that the genetically modified corn known as Bt corn releases an insecticide through its roots into the soil, while the insecticide was not released by corn that was not genetically modified (Nature).State the type of study. Be as specific as possible.
Describe and contrast selection bias and participation bias in sampling.
My experiment proved that vitamin C can reduce the severity of colds, because I controlled the experiment carefully for every possible confounding variable.Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
The Simon diet is effective because it was used by a sample of 1,000 subjects and there was a mean weight loss of 1.7 pounds during a six-month study.Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
The Winslow Supply Company manufactures deodorants and sponsored a survey showing that good personal hygiene is critically important for success in a job interview.Determine which of the eight guidelines appears to be most relevant. Explain your reasoning.
A clinical trial involved the use of a nicotine gum as an aid to help smokers stop smoking. The clinical trial involved 1,000 college students who were paid for their participation, and the results showed that the nicotine gum treatment was highly successful. The researchers concluded that the use
In a study of 1,200 college students, each was asked whether he or she was a good person.Determine which of the eight guidelines appears to be most relevant. Explain your reasoning.
The New York City Transit Authority routinely conducts a survey of satisfaction by distributing surveys on subways. The passengers take the surveys home and return them by mail.Determine which of the eight guidelines appears to be most relevant. Explain your reasoning.
Randomly selected adults were asked: “Do you agree or disagree with increasing the production of nuclear energy that could potentially kill thousands of innocent people?”Determine which of the eight guidelines appears to be most relevant. Explain your reasoning.
A consortium of manufacturers plans a study designed to compare the value of counterfeit goods produced in the United States in the year 2000 to the current year. replies that she received after mailing 100,000 questionnaires to various women’s groups.Determine which of the eight guidelines
A USA Today headline reported that “More companies try to bet on forecasting weather.” The article gave examples of companies believing that long-range forecasts are reliable, and four companies were cited.Describe what crucial information is missing in the given statement and what more you
Find a detailed report on some recent statistical study of interest to you. Write a short report applying each of the eight guidelines given in this section. (Some of the guidelines may not apply to the particular study you are analyzing; in that case, explain why the guideline is not applicable.)
Consult an issue of a professional journal. Select one specific article and use the ideas of this section to summarize and evaluate the study.
Find a recent newspaper article or television report about a statistical study on a topic that you find interesting. Write a short report applying each of the eight guidelines given in this section. (Some of the guidelines may not apply to the particular study you are analyzing; in that case,
Find a recent news report about a statistical study whose results you believe are meaningful and important. In one page or less, summarize the study and explain why you find it believable.
Find a recent news report about a statistical study whose results you don’t believe are meaningful and important. In one page or less, summarize the study and explain why you don’t believe its claims.
For each of the following situations, describe the population being studied and identify some of the population parameters that would be of interest. a. You work for Farmers Insurance and you’ve been asked to determine the average amount paid to accident victims in cars without side-impact air
The U.S. Labor Department defines the civilian labor force as all those people who are either employed or actively seeking employment. Each month, the Labor Department reports the unemployment rate, which is the percentage of people actively seeking employment within the entire civilian labor
The Pew Research Center for People and the Press interviewed 1,002 adult Americans and asked about the reason for a recent increase in sex scandals among elected officials. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents claimed that the increase is due to greater scrutiny by the media, while 19% felt that
Identify how researchers applied the five basic steps in the survey from Example 3. Basic Steps in a Statistical Study Step 1. State the goal of your study precisely; that is, determine the population you want to study and exactly what you'd like to learn about it. Step 2. Choose a representative
Suppose you want to determine the mean height of all students at your school. Which is more likely to be a representative sample for this study: the men’s basketball team or the students in your statistics class?
Nielsen Media Research earns money by charging television stations and networks for its services. For example, NBC pays Nielsen to provide ratings for its television shows. Why doesn’t NBC simply do its own ratings, instead of paying a company like Nielsen to do them?
You want to conduct an opinion poll in which the population is all the residents in a town. Could you choose a simple random sample by randomly selecting names from local property tax records?
When the National Air and Space Museum wanted to test possible ideas for a new solar system exhibit, a staff member interviewed a sample of visitors selected by systematic sampling. She interviewed a visitor exactly every 15 minutes, choosing whoever happened to enter the current solar system
You are conducting a survey of students in a co-ed dormitory in which males are assigned to odd-numbered rooms and females are assigned to even-numbered rooms. Can you obtain a representative sample when you choose every 10th room?
A supermarket wants to decide whether to carry a new brand of salsa, so it offers free tastes at a stand in the store and asks people what they think. What type of sampling is being used? Is the sample likely to be representative of the population of all shoppers?
You want to know the mean price of gasoline at gas stations located within a mile of rental car locations at airports. Explain how you might use cluster sampling in this case.
The U.S. Labor Department surveys 60,000 households each month to compile its unemployment report. To select these households, the department first groups cities and counties into about 2,000 geographic areas. It then randomly selects households to survey within these geographic areas. How is this
Identify the type of sampling used in each of the following cases. a. The apple harvest from an orchard is collected in 1,200 baskets. An agricultural inspector randomly selects 25 baskets and then checks every apple in each of these baskets for worms. b. An educational researcher wants to know

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Statistical Reasoning For Everyday Life 4th International Edition Jeffrey Bennett, William L. Briggs, Mario F. Triola - Solutions

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