Question: A sample is selected from a population with a mean of = 45 and a treatment is administered to the sample. If the treatment

A sample is selected from a population with a mean of µ = 45 and a treatment is administered to the sample. If the treatment is expected to produce a decrease in the scores, then what would be the null hypothesis for a directional hypothesis test?

a. µ ≥ 45

b. µ ≤ 45

c. M ≤ 45

d. M ≥ 45

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