Data 1.3 on page 10 discusses a study designed to test whether applying a metal tag is detrimental to a penguin, as opposed to applying an electronic tag. One variable examined is the date penguins arrive at the breeding site, with later arrivals hurting breeding success. Arrival date is measured as the number of days after November 1st. Mean arrival date for the 167 times metal-tagged penguins arrived was December 7th (37 days after November 1st) with a standard deviation of 38.77 days, while mean arrival date for the 189 times electronic-tagged penguins arrived at the breeding site was November 21st (21 days after November 1st) with a standard deviation of 27.50. Do these data provide evidence that metal-tagged penguins have a later mean arrival time? Show all details of the test.

Data 1.3 on page 10 

Do metal tags on penguins harm them? Scientists trying to tell penguins apart have several ways to tag the birds. One method involves wrapping metal strips with ID numbers around the penguin’s flipper, while another involves electronic tags. Neither tag seems to physically harm the penguins. However, since tagged penguins are used to  all penguins, scientists wanted to determine whether the metal tags have any significant effect on the penguins. Data were collected over a 10-year time span from a sample of 100 penguins that were randomly given either metal or electronic tags. This included information on number of chicks, survival over the decade, and length of time on foraging trips