Figure 4.16 shows a randomization distribution for testing H₀: μ₁= μ₂vs H_a: μ₁‰  μ₂. The statistic used for each sample is D = xÌ…₁ˆ’ xÌ…₂. In each case, use the distribution to decide which value is closer to the p-value for the observed difference in sample means.

Figure 4.16

(a) The p-value for D = xÌ…₁ ˆ’ xÌ…₂ = ˆ’2.9 is closest to: 0.01 or 0.250?

(b) The p-value for D = xÌ…₁ ˆ’ xÌ…₂ = 1.2 is closest to: 0.30 or 0.60?

A randomization distribution based on 1000 simulated samples is given along with the relevant null and alternative hypotheses. Which p-value most closely matches the observed statistic?

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 -3 -2 -1 2 3 Differences Frequency