In Exercise 3.80 on page 203, we found a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportion of rats showing compassion, using the proportion of female rats minus the proportion of male rats, to be 0.104 to 0.480. In testing whether there is a difference in these two proportions:

(a) What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

(b) Using the confidence interval, what is the conclusion of the test? Include an indication of the significance level.

(c) Based on this study would you say that female rats or male rats are more likely to show compassion (or are the results inconclusive)?