Question: An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) can be used to determine if a protein binds to a segment of DNA. When a segment of DNA

An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) can be used to determine if a protein binds to a segment of DNA. When a segment of DNA is bound by a protein, its mobility will be slowed down, and the DNA band will be shifted to a place that is higher in the gel. An EMSA is conducted with a cloned gene fragment that is 750 bp in length and contains a regulatory element that is recognized by a transcription factor called protein X. The results are shown below. Previous experiments showed that the presence of hormone X results in transcriptional activation by protein X.

750 bp 2 3 4 Lane 1. No additions Lane 2. Plus

Explain the action of hormone X.

750 bp 2 3 4 Lane 1. No additions Lane 2. Plus hormone X Lane 3. Plus protein X Lane 4. Plus protein X and hormone X

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