Consider the small-signal equivalent circuit in Figure 11.23. Assume the output is a two-sided output defined as

Question:

Consider the small-signal equivalent circuit in Figure 11.23. Assume the output is a two-sided output defined as $V_{o}=V_{d 2}-V_{d 1}$, where $V_{d 2}$ and $V_{d 1}$ are the signal voltages at the drains of $M_{2}$ and $M_{1}$, respectively. Derive expressions for the differential- and common-mode voltage gains.

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