Rework Problems 12.15 through 12.16 when the load in area 2 suddenly decreases by \(300 \mathrm{MW}\). The load in area 1 does not change.

Data From Problem 12.15:-

Repeat Problem 12.14 if LFC is employed in area 2 alone. The area 2 frequency bias coefficient is set at \(\mathrm{B}_{f 2}=\beta_{2}=800 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\). Assume that LFC in area 1 is inoperative due to a computer failure.

Data From Problem 12.14:-

A 60-Hz power system consists of two interconnected areas. Area 1 has 1200 MW of generation and an area frequency response characteristic \(\beta_{1}=600 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\). Area 2 has \(1800 \mathrm{MW}\) of generation and \(\beta_{2}=800 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\). Each area is initially operating at one-half its total generation, at \(\Delta p_{\text {tie1 }}=\Delta p_{\text {tie } 2}=0\) and at \(60 \mathrm{~Hz}\), when the load in area 1 suddenly increases by \(400 \mathrm{MW}\). Determine the steady-state frequency error and the steady-state tie-line error \(\Delta p_{\text {tie }}\) of each area. Assume that the reference power settings of all turbine-governors are fixed. That is, LFC is not employed in any area. Neglect losses and the dependence of load on frequency.

Data From Problem 12.16:-

Repeat Problem 12.14 if LFC is employed in both areas. The frequency bias coefficients are \(\mathrm{B}_{f 1}=\beta_{1}=600 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\) and \(\mathrm{B}_{f 2}=\beta_{2}=800 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\).

Data From Problem 12.14:-

A 60-Hz power system consists of two interconnected areas. Area 1 has 1200 MW of generation and an area frequency response characteristic \(\beta_{1}=600 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\). Area 2 has \(1800 \mathrm{MW}\) of generation and \(\beta_{2}=800 \mathrm{MW} / \mathrm{Hz}\). Each area is initially operating at one-half its total generation, at \(\Delta p_{\text {tie1 }}=\Delta p_{\text {tie } 2}=0\) and at \(60 \mathrm{~Hz}\), when the load in area 1 suddenly increases by \(400 \mathrm{MW}\). Determine the steady-state frequency error and the steady-state tie-line error \(\Delta p_{\text {tie }}\) of each area. Assume that the reference power settings of all turbine-governors are fixed. That is, LFC is not employed in any area. Neglect losses and the dependence of load on frequency.