Using PowerWorld case Example 6_22 with the Load Scalar equal to 1.0, determine the generation dispatch that minimizes system losses. Manually vary the generation at buses 2 and 4 until their loss sensitivity values are zero. Compare the operating cost between this solution and the Example 6_22 economic dispatch result. Which is better?

Example 6_22

This example repeats the Example 6.19 power system, except that now losses are included with each transmission line modeled with an \(R / X\) ratio of \(1 / 3\) (see Figure 6.20). The current value of each generator's loss sensitivity, \(\partial P_{\mathrm{L}} / \partial P_{\mathrm{i}}\), is shown immediately below the generator's MW output field. Calculate the penalty factors \(\mathrm{L}_{i}\), and verify that the economic dispatch shown in the figure is optimal.