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Principles Of Cost Accounting 15th Edition Edward J. Vanderbeck - Solutions
What three manufacturing budgets can be prepared subsequent to preparation of the production budget?
What does the Japanese term kaizen mean, and how is it used in the budgeting process?
What are the three budgets that are needed in order to prepare the budgeted income statement?
Why might Web-based budgeting be more useful than using spreadsheets to budget?
What is a flexible budget?
Why is a flexible budget better than a master budget for comparing actual results tobudgeted expectations?
Why is it important to distinguish between variable costs and fixed costs for budgeting purposes?
Why is the concept of relevant range important when preparing a flexible budget?
In comparing actual sales revenue to flexible budget sales revenue, would it be possible to have a favorable variance and still not have met revenue expectations?
How would you define the following?a. Theoretical capacityb. Practical capacityc. Normal capacity
Is it possible for a factory to operate at more than 100% of normal capacity?
If a factory operates at 100% of capacity one month, 90% of capacity the next month, and 105% of capacity the next month, will a different cost per unit be charged to Work in Process each month for factory overhead assuming that a predetermined annual overhead rate is used?
How is the standard cost per unit for factory overhead determined?
The sales department of S. Miller Manufacturing Company has forecast sales for its single product to be 20,000 units for the month of June, with three-quarters of the sales expected in the East region and one-fourth in the West region. The budgeted selling price is $25 per unit. The desired ending
The sales department of P. Gillen Manufacturing Company has forecast sales in March to be 20,000 units. Additional information follows:Finished goods inventory, March 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000 unitsFinished goods inventory required, March 31 . . . . . . . . . .
S. Prosser Manufacturing Company forecast October sales to be 45,000 units. Additional information follows:Finished goods inventory, October 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 unitsFinished goods inventory desired, October 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 unitsDirect
Prepare a cost of goods sold budget for the Summit Manufacturing Company for the year ended December 31, 2011, from the following estimates.Inventories of production units::Direct materials purchased during the year, $854,000; beginning inventory of direct materials, $31,000; and ending inventory
Gyro Company has the following totals from its operating budgets:Selling and administrative expenses budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 244,500Cost of goods sold budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727,300Sales budget . . . . .
Solar Panels, Inc., has the following items and amounts as part of its master budget at the 10,000-unit level of sales and production:Sales revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the following per-unit and total amounts, prepare a flexible budget at the 14,000-, 15,000-, and 16,000-unit levels of production and sales for Celestial Products, Inc.:Selling price per unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Strand Manufacturing, Inc., has the following flexible budget formulas and amounts:Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 25 per unitDirect materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The normal capacity of a manufacturing plant is 5,000 units per month. Fixed overhead at this volume is $2,500, and variable overhead is $7,500. Additional data follow:a. Calculate the amount of factory overhead allowed for the actual levels of production.b. Compute the overhead application rate
The normal capacity of a factory is 8,000 units per month. Cost and production data follow:Standard application rate for fixed overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.50 per unitStandard application rate for variable overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.50 per unitProduction—Month
The sales department of Optimo Company has forecast sales for May 2011 to be 40,000 units. Additional information follows:Finished goods inventory, May 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 unitsFinished goods inventory, May 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cruise Tire Company's budgeted unit sales for the year 2011 were:Passenger car tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,000Truck tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Budgeted selling and administrative expenses for Cruise Tire Company in P7-2 for the year ended December 31, 2011, were as follows:Advertising expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $942,000Office rent expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use the information in Figure 7-12 of the chapter.Required:Prepare flexible budgets for the production and sale of 29,000 units and 31,000,respectively.
Use the flexible budget prepared in P7-4 for the 31,000-unit level and the actual operating results listed below for the 31,000-unit level.Required:1. Prepare a performance report.2. List the major reason why the actual operating income at 31,000 units differs from the master budget operating
Use the flexible budget prepared in P7-4 for the 29,000-unit level of activity and the actual operating results below for the 29,000-unit level.Required:1. Prepare a performance report.2. List the major reason why the actual operating income at 29,000 units differs from the master budget operating
Presented below are the monthly factory overhead cost budget (at normal capacity of 5,000 units or 20,000 direct labor hours) and the production and cost data for a month. The predetermined overhead rate is based on normal capacity.Required:1. Assuming that variable costs will vary in direct
Flexible budget formulas and interpolationRequired:1. Using the facts and the flexible budget prepared in Part (1) of P7-7 above, determine the budgeted cost at 96% of capacity, using interpolation.2. Using the flexible budget prepared in Part (1) of P7-7 above, determine the budgeted cost at 104%
Mountaineer Manufacturing Company uses a job order cost system and standard costs. It manufactures one product, whose standard cost follows:Materials, 20 yards@$0.90 per yard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Direct labor, 4 hours@$9.00 per hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Branson Manufacturing, Inc., produces a single type of small motor. The bookkeeper who does not have an in-depth understanding of accounting principles prepared the following performance report with the help of the production manager.In a conversation with the sales manager, the production manager
Go to the text Web site at www.cengage.com/accounting/vanderbeck and click on the link to ‘‘kaizen,’’ from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. After reading the entry, answer the following questions:1. What is the meaning of kaizen?2. What is the goal of kaizen?3. What was the basis of the
Give at least five examples of service businesses.
Name two distinguishing features of service businesses.
What factors help to explain the growth of service businesses relative to manufacturing businesses in the United States in recent years?
What type of costing system do most service businesses use, and why do they use it?
What factors would you consider in deciding whether to use direct labor dollars or direct labor hours in charging overhead to jobs in a service firm?
Distinguish between a direct cost and an indirect cost when the cost object is the job.
What are the elements of a cost performance report?
Which of the various budgets is the starting point for preparing an annual budget?
Why is it important for professional labor hours to be budgeted with extreme care?
What is the difference between the accounting treatment of overhead for a service business and for a manufacturer?
Explain how a budgeted income statement for a service business may be used for both planning and control purposes.
What are the two main things that an activity-based costing system attempts to accomplish relative to direct and indirect costs?
Explain the concept of peanut-butter costing.
When is it generally worthwhile to implement an activity-based costing system?
Explain the concept of a cost/benefit decision and how it relates to job costing systems.
What is a balanced scorecard? Discuss.
Give five examples of nonfinancial performance measures.
What is the relationship between a company’s strategy and its choice of performance measures?
Name the four categories that performance measures are typically divided into, and give an example of a performance measure for each category.
Why should a company bother with a balanced scorecard approach to performance measurement when its primary goal is to earn a sufficient return on investment for its shareholders?
Hayes and Manolis have a professional service firm that has the following budgeted costs for the current year:Associates’ salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $300,000Depreciation—equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brown and Stetham, plumbers, successfully bid $30,000 for the plumbing work on a new luxury home. Total direct labor cost on the job was $9,500, other direct costs were $2,500, and overhead is charged to jobs at 150% of direct labor cost.1. Compute the profit or loss on the job in (a) dollars and
Chiao and Piaker, CPAs, budgeted for the following professional labor hours for the coming year: partners, 1,500; managers, 5,000; and staff, 20,000. Budgeted billing rates are: partners, $250 per hour; managers, $120 per hour; and staff accountants, $80 per hour. Prepare a revenue budget for the
Jones and Wang, physicians, budgeted for the following revenue and expenses for the month of September:Depreciation—equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,850Fringe benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The partners of Harris and Whelan, attorneys-at-law, decide to implement an activity-based costing system for their firm. They identify the following three cost pools and budgeted amounts for each for the coming year: fringe benefits, $450,000; paralegal support, $250,000; and research support,
A client, Carolyn Goode, requires 10 partner labor hours and 25 professional associate hours from Harris and Whelan, the law firm in E9-5. Partners are paid $125 per hour, and associates make $60 per hour.Compute the job cost of servicing Carolyn Goode.
Prior to instituting an activity-based costing system, Harris and Whelan, the attorneys in E9-5 and E9-6, utilized a simplified costing system with one direct cost category, professional labor, and one indirect cost category, professional support. The average wage rate for professional labor was
From the following list of performance measures, label each one as Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, or Learning and Growth:Percentage of on-time deliveriesEmployee turnover ratioRevenue from new productsNumber of new customersPercentage of compensation based on team
Hi-End, Inc., a chain of gasoline service stations, has a strategy of charging premium prices for its gasoline by providing excellent service such as attendants to pump gas, clean restrooms, and free air for tire inflation. Its balanced scorecard performance measures include: Increase in operating
Shank and Verst, attorneys-at-law, provided legal representation to Baldwin Equipment, Inc., in a product liability suit. Twenty partner hours and 65 associate hours were worked in defending the company. The cost of each partner hour is $325, which includes partner wages plus overhead based on
The budget for the Baldwin Equipment, Inc. job in P9-1 consisted of the following amounts:Partners’ salary and overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,300Associates’ salary and overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,175Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Matthews and Thomas, partners in a systems consulting firm, budgeted the following professional labor hours for the year ended December 31, 2011:Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Matthews and Thomas, the systems consultants in P9-3, budgeted overhead and other expenses as follows for the year ended December 31, 2011:Overhead:Depreciation—equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,000Depreciation—building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,000Fringe benefits . . . .
The partners of Mayweather and Pacquiao, a security services firm, decide to implement an activity-based costing system. They identify the following three cost pools and budgeted amounts for each for the coming year: fringe benefits, $400,000; technology support, $20,000; and litigation support,
Boyer and Kubek, architects, have been using a simplified costing system in which all professional labor costs are included in a single direct cost category, professional labor; and all overhead costs are included in a single indirect cost pool, professional support, and allocated to jobs using
Comparing the results of cost allocations, using simplified costing versus activity-based costingRequired:Referring to P9-6, compare the results of the cost allocations to the Young Products and Doug’s Markets jobs under the simplified costing system and the activity-based costing system. Label
Mercury Athletics manufactures sporting goods that are then sold to retailers. It is a very competitive industry where quality and price are important to gain space on retailers’ shelves. Mercury’s strategy is to produce defect-free athletic equipment that can be sold at moderate
Dayton Dairies is a vertically integrated company that has dairy farms, processing plants, and retail ice cream stores. Dayton’s strategy is to maximize shareholder value by providing top-of the- line ice cream products that are high in butter fat and for which consumers will pay premium
Ed Hickey, the consultant introduced at the beginning of section two of the chapter (p. 456), has obtained the following data relative to the Kaufman and D'Esti consulting job:Assume that the Binghamton job will require 50 partner hours and 20 associate hours, while the Johnson City job will
One of the service businesses referred to in the chapter was the international accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Go to the text Web site at www.cengage.com/accounting/vanderbeck and click on the link to PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Web site. Then answer the following questions.1.
What is the difference between absorption costing and variable costing?
What effect will applying variable costing have on the income statement and the balance sheet?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using variable costing?
How is it possible, under absorption costing, to increase net income by simply producing more goods?
Why are there objections to using absorption costing when segment reports of profitability are being prepared?
What are common costs?
How is a contribution margin determined, and why is it important to management?
What are considered direct costs in segment analysis?
What is cost-volume-profit analysis?
What is the break-even point?
What steps are required in constructing a break-even chart?
What is the difference between the contribution margin ratio and the margin of safety ratio?
Define differential analysis, differential revenue, differential cost, and differential income.
What is the importance of make-or-buy studies for a company?
How can an airline generate additional profit if it is charging last-minute passengers significantly less than full price?
What are distribution costs?
What is the purpose of the analysis of distribution costs?
In cost analysis, what governs which costs are to be included in the study?
Lynne Products Company uses a process cost system and applies actual factory overhead to work in process at the end of the month. The following data came from the records for the month of March:Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the information presented in E10-1, prepare comparative income statements for March(a) Under absorption costing and(b) Under variable costing.
The chief executive officer (CEO) of Button Corporation attended a conference in which one of the sessions was devoted to variable costing. The CEO was impressed by the presentation and has asked that the following data of Button Corporation be used to prepare comparative statements using variable
The following production data came from the records of LeShaq Athletic Enterprises for the year ended December 31, 2011:Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $480,000Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A company had income of $50,000, using variable costing for a given period. Beginning and ending inventories for the period were 18,000 units and 13,000 units, respectively. If the fixed overhead application rate was $2 per unit, what was the net income, using absorption costing?
The fixed overhead budgeted for Hamlet Company at an expected capacity of 500,000 units is $1,500,000. Variable costing is used internally, and the net income is adjusted to an absorption costing net income at year-end. Data collected over the last three years show the following:Determine the
Grecian Products, Inc., has two divisions, Athens and Sparta. For the month ended March 31, Athens had sales and variable costs of $500,000 and $225,000, respectively, and Sparta had sales and variable costs of $800,000 and $475,000, respectively. Athens had direct fixed production and
The sales price per unit is $13 for the Dakota Company’s only product. The variable cost per unit is $5. In year 2011, the company sold 80,000 units, which was 10,000 units above the break-even point.Compute the following:1. Total fixed expenses.2. Total variable expense at the break-even volume.
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