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engineering
mechanical engineering
Questions and Answers of
Mechanical Engineering
It is desired to produce a 500 by 500 (m diaphragm, 25 (m thick, in a silicon wafer 250 (m thick. Given that you will use a wet etching technique with KOH in water with an etch rate of 1 (m/min,
If the Reynolds number for water flow through a pipe is 2000, calculate the water velocity if the pipe diameter is(a) 10 mm;(b) 100 (m.Do you expect flow in MEMS devices to be turbulent or laminar?
The accompanying figure shows the cross section of a simple npn bipolar transistor. Develop a process flow chart to fabricate this device?
Referring to the MOS transistor cross section in the accompanying figure and the given table of design rules, what is the smallest transistor size W obtainable? Which design rules, if any, have no
The accompanying figure shows a mirror that is suspended on a torsional beam; it can be inclined through electrostatic attraction by applying a voltage on either side of the mirror at the bottom of
Referring to Fig. 13.36, design an experiment to find the critical dimensions of an overhanging cantilever that will not stick to the substrate?
How is silicon nitride used in oxidation?
Explain how you would manufacture the device shown in Fig. 13.32?
Inspect various electronic and computer equipment, take them apart as much as you can, and identify components that may have been manufactured by the techniques described in this chapter?
Do any aspects of this chapter's contents and the processes described bear any similarity to the processes described throughout previous chapters in this book? Explain and describe what they are?
Describe your understanding of the important features of clean rooms and how they are maintained?
Describe products that would not exist without the knowledge and techniques described in this chapter. Explain?
Review the technical literature and give more details regarding the type and shape of the abrasive wheel used in the wafer-cutting operation shown in Step 2 in Fig. 13.6?
It is well known that microelectronic devices may be subjected to hostile environments (such as high temperature, humidity, and vibration) as well as physical abuse (such as being dropped on a hard
Conduct a literature search and determine the smallest diameter hole that can be produced by (a) Drilling; (b) Punching; (c) Water-jet cutting; (d) Laser machining; (e) Chemical etching; and (f) EDM.
Conduct a literature search and write a one-page summary of applications in biomems?
What are the purposes of prebaking and post-baking in lithography?
Describe the crystal structure of silicon. How does it differ from the structure of FCC? What is the atomic packing factor?
Define selectivity and isotropy and their importance in relation to etching?
Describe the differences between mechanization and automation. Give several specific examples for each?
Explain the factors that have led to the development of automated guided vehicles. Do automated guided vehicles have any limitations? Explain.
List and discuss the factors that should be considered in choosing a suitable material-handling system for a particular manufacturing facility of your choice?
Make a list of the features of an industrial robot. Why are these features necessary?
Discuss the principles of various types of sensors, giving two applications for each type?
Describe the concept of design for assembly. Why it is now an important factor in manufacturing?
Is it possible to have partial automation in assembly operations? Explain.
Describe your thoughts on adaptive control in manufacturing operations?
What are the two types of robot joints? Give applications for each?
What are the advantages of flexible fixturing over other methods of fixturing? Are there any limitations to flexible fixturing? Explain.
Explain how robots are programmed to follow a certain path?
Why is automation generally regarded as evolutionary rather than revolutionary? Explain.
Giving specific examples, discuss your observations concerning Fig. 14.2?
What are the advantages and limitations of the two arrangements for power heads shown in Fig. 14.4?
Discuss methods of on-line gaging of work-piece diameters in turning operations other than that shown in Fig. 14.15. Explain the advantages and limitations of the various methods?
Is drilling and punching the only application for the point-to-point system shown in Fig. 14.10a? Are there others? Explain.
Describe possible applications for industrial robots not discussed in this chapter?
What determines the number of robots in an automated assembly line such as that shown in Fig. 14.23? Explain.
Describe situations in which the shape and size of the work envelope of a robot (see Fig. 14.20) can be critical?
Explain the functions of each of the components of the robot shown in Fig. 14.17a. Comment on their degrees of freedom?
Explain the differences between an automated guided vehicle and a self-guided vehicle?
It has been commonly acknowledged that, at the early stages of development and implementation of industrial robots, the usefulness and cost effectiveness of the robots were overestimated. What
Are there activities in manufacturing operations that cannot be automated? Explain, and give specific examples?
Describe the type of manufacturing operations that are likely to make the best use of a machining center described in Section 8.11. Comment on the influence of product quantity and part variety?
Give a specific example of a situation in which an open-loop control system would be desirable, and give a specific example of a situation in which a closed-loop system would be desirable. Explain?
Why should the level of automation in a manufacturing facility depend on production quantity and production rate? Explain.
Explain why sensors have become so essential in the development of automated manufacturing systems? Give some examples.
Give examples where there a clear need for flexible fixturing for holding workpieces. Are there any disadvantages to such flexible fixturing? Explain.
Describe situations in manufacturing for which you would not want to apply numerical control? Explain your reasons.
Table 14.2 shows a few examples of typical products for each category of production by volume. Add several other examples to this list?
Describe situations for which each of the three positioning methods shown in Fig. 14.6 would be desirable?
Describe applications of machine vision for specific parts, similar to the examples shown in Fig. 14.26?
14.39Add examples of guides other than those shown in Fig. 14.31?
Explain the difference between hard and soft automation. Why are they named as such?
Sketch the work envelope of each of the robots shown in Fig. 14.19. Describe its implications in manufacturing operations?
Give several applications for the types of robots shown in Fig. 14.19?
Name some applications for which you would not use a vibratory feeder. Explain why vibratory feeding is not appropriate for these applications?
Give an example each of a metal-forming operation from Chapters 6 and 7 that would be suitable for adaptive control, similar to that shown in Fig. 14.15?
Give some applications for the systems shown in Fig. 14.26a and c?
Comment on your observations regarding the system shown in Fig. 14.1b?
Are there situations in which tactile sensors would not be suitable? Explain.
Give examples for which machine vision cannot be properly and reliably applied. Explain why machine vision may not be appropriate for these applications?
Comment on the effect of cutter wear on the profiles produced, such as those shown in Figs. 14.10b and 14.12?
Although future trends are difficult to predict with certainty, describe your thoughts as to what new developments in the topics covered in this chapter could possibly take place as we move through
Describe the principle of numerical control of machines. What factors led to the need for and development of numerical control? Name some typical applications of NC?
Describe the circumstances under which a(a) Dedicated fixture,(b) Modular fixture, and(c) Flexible fixture would be preferable?
What is an anthropomorphic robot? What are its applications? Explain.
A spindle/bracket assembly uses the following parts: a steel spindle, two nylon bushings, a stamped steel bracket, and six screws and six nuts to mount the nylon bushings to the steel bracket and
Disassemble an ordinary ball point pen. Carefully measure the time required to reassemble the pen and calculate the assembly efficiency. Repeat the exercise for a mechanical pencil?
Review Example 14.1 and develop open and closed-loop control system equations for the force. Let the coefficient of friction be (?
Develop closed-loop control system equations in order to have the worktable in Example 14.1 achieve a sinusoidal position given by x = sin (t, where t is time. Assume the coefficient of friction is
Design two different systems of mechanical grippers for widely different applications?
Explain the differences between direct numerical control and computer numerical control. What are their relative advantages?
For a system similar to that shown in Fig. 14.28, design a flexible fixturing setup for a lathe chuck. (See Figs. 8.42 and 8.44.)?
Add other examples to those shown in Fig. 1.4?
Give examples of products that are suitable for the type of production shown in Fig. 14.3?
Does the type of material (metallic or nonmetallic) used for the parts shown in Fig. 14.31 have any influence on the effectiveness of the guides? Explain?
Think of a product and design a transfer line for it, similar to that shown in Fig. 14.5. Specify the types and numbers of machines required?
The basic principles of flexible fixturing were described in Section 14.9. Considering the wide variety of parts made, prepare a list of design guidelines for flexible fixturing. Make simple sketches
Describe your thoughts on the usefulness and applications of modular fixturing, consisting of various individual clamps, pins, supports, and attachments mounted on a base plate?
Inspect several household products and sketch and describe the manner in which they have been assembled. Comment on any design changes you would make so that their assembly, disassembly, and
Review the last design shown in Fig. 14.18a and design grippers that would be suitable for gripping the following products:(a) An egg;(b) An object made of soft rubber;(c) A metal ball with a very
Describe the principles of open-loop and closed-loop control circuits?
Comment on the design and materials used for the gripper shown in Fig. 14.25. Why do such grippers have low durability on the shop floor? Explain.
Comment on your observations regarding Fig. 14.28 and offer designs for similar applications in manufacturing. Also, comment on the usefulness of the designs in actual production on the shop floor?
Review the various toolholders used in the machining operations described in Chapter 8 and design sensor systems for them similar to those shown in Fig. 14.24. Comment on the features of the sensor
Design a guide that operates in the same manner as those shown in Fig. 14.31, but will align U-shaped parts so that they are inserted with the open end down?
Design a flexible fixture that uses powered workholding devices for a family of parts but that allows for a range of diameters and thicknesses?
Give some applications for the systems shown in Figs. 14.26a and c?
Consider the automated guided vehicles shown in Fig. 14.16. Is it possible for such systems to operate in multiple buildings? What difficulties would you expect that would have to be overcome?
List and explain the advantages of computer-aided NC programming?
Describe the principle and the purposes of adaptive control. Give some examples of present applications in manufacturing and comment on other areas that you think can be implemented?
In what ways have computers had an impact on manufacturing? Describe in detail.
Describe the purposes of process planning. How are computers used in such planning?
Explain the features of two types of CAPP systems described in this chapter.
Describe the features of a routing sheet. Why is a routing sheet necessary in manufacturing?
What is group technology? Why was it developed? Explain its advantages.
What does classification and coding mean with respect to group technology? Explain.
What is a manufacturing cell? Why was it developed?
What are the basic principles of flexible manufacturing systems. Why do they require major capital investment? Explain.
Why is a flexible manufacturing system capa¬ble of producing a wide range of lot sizes?
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