What is the relationship between plasma volume, blood volume, and blood pressure in maintaining H2O balance? Plasma volume increases blood volume and blood pressure Plasma volume has no effect on blood volume and blood pressure Plasma volume only affects blood pressure, not blood volume Plasma volume decreases blood volume and blood pressure

Plasma volume increases blood volume and blood pressure

How does the kidney contribute to acid-base balance through H+/HCO3 output? By only excreting H+ without affecting HCO3 By only reabsorbing HCO3 without affecting H+ By reabsorbing excess H+ and excreting HCO3 By excreting excess H+ and reabsorbing HCO3

By excreting excess H+ and reabsorbing HCO3

What role does the kidney play in the excretion of urea, drugs, and medications? The kidney stores these substances for later use The kidney does not interact with these substances The kidney converts these substances into energy The kidney filters and excretes these substances

The kidney filters and excretes these substances

Which hormones are synthesized by the kidney, and what are their functions? Erythropoietin (EPO) for RBC production and renin for blood pressure regulation Melatonin for sleep regulation and serotonin for mood balance Thyroxine for metabolism and adrenaline for fight-or-flight response Insulin for glucose regulation and cortisol for stress response

Erythropoietin (EPO) for RBC production and renin for blood pressure regulation

How is vitamin D activated in the body, and what role does the kidney play in this process? The kidney deactivates vitamin D to prevent toxicity The kidney does not interact with vitamin D The kidney stores vitamin D without activating it The kidney activates vitamin D through enzymatic conversion

The kidney activates vitamin D through enzymatic conversion

What is the primary function of the nephron in urine formation? Storage of urine until excretion Conversion of urine into energy Reabsorption of urine into the bloodstream Filtration of blood to form urine

Filtration of blood to form urine

What is the role of hydrostatic pressure in glomerular filtration, and where does it occur? It drives filtration in the glomerulus based on size It drives filtration in the ureter based on chemical composition It occurs in the bladder and aids in urine storage It occurs in the renal tubule and is pressure-independent

It drives filtration in the glomerulus based on size

What is tubular reabsorption, and where does it occur? Movement of substances from the tubule into the blood Excretion of urine from the body Filtration of blood to form urine Movement of substances from the blood into the tubule

Movement of substances from the tubule into the blood

What is tubular secretion, and what is its primary function? Filtration of blood to form urine Reabsorption of substances from the tubule into the blood Storage of urine until excretion Movement of substances from the blood into the tubule for excretion

Movement of substances from the blood into the tubule for excretion

What is the correct sequence of stages in the process of spermatogenesis? primary spermatocytes > spermatogonia > spermatids > secondary spermatocytes > spermatozoa spermatogonia > primary spermatocytes > secondary spermatocytes > spermatids > spermatozoa spermatozoa > spermatids > secondary spermatocytes > primary spermatocytes > spermatogonia spermatids > spermatozoa > spermatogonia > primary spermatocytes > secondary spermatocytes

spermatogonia > primary spermatocytes > secondary spermatocytes > spermatids > spermatozoa

Where does the process of spermatogenesis occur in the male reproductive system? prostate gland testes; the convoluted seminiferous tubule vas deferens epididymis

testes; the convoluted seminiferous tubule

What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system? secretes hormones stores sperm until ejaculation transports mature sperm towards the seminal vesicle produces seminal fluid

transports mature sperm towards the seminal vesicle

What are the four major groups of animals? Insects, Fish, Birds, Mammals Non-bilaterian lineages, Lophotrochozoan, Ecdysozoa, Deuterostomes Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians

Non-bilaterian lineages, Lophotrochozoan, Ecdysozoa, Deuterostomes

Animals are monophyletic and share which three traits? Photosynthetic, unicellular, sessile Single-celled, heterotrophic, immobile Autotrophic, lack nervous system, reproduce asexually Multicellular, heterotrophic, move under their own power at some point in life cycle

Multicellular, heterotrophic, move under their own power at some point in life cycle

All animals except sponges have nerve cells and muscle cells. What are their functions? Photosynthesis and nutrient absorption Transmit electrical signals and change body shape by contracting Respiration and circulation Reproduction and growth

Transmit electrical signals and change body shape by contracting

Who was JBS Haldane and what was his contribution to evolutionary biology? British geneticist, evolutionary biologist, founder of Modern Synthesis French chemist, discovered radioactivity German philosopher, known for existentialism American physicist, developed theory of relativity

British geneticist, evolutionary biologist, founder of Modern Synthesis

What body plan aspects are early evolution of animals based on? Metabolic rate, temperature regulation, locomotion Reproductive strategy, lifespan, social behavior Number of embryonic tissue layers, body symmetry, cephalization, body cavity, embryo development Color, size, habitat, diet

Number of embryonic tissue layers, body symmetry, cephalization, body cavity, embryo development

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