Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is correct? They are part of the innate immune system. They do not have memory capabilities. All of the choices are correct. They are not involved in antibody production.

All of the choices are correct.

What are some characteristics of the endocrine system? Slow response, hormone messengers Fast response, electrical signals Immediate action, synaptic transmission Direct contact, neurotransmitters

Slow response, hormone messengers

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? Endocrine: chemicals secreted into blood; Exocrine: chemicals secreted into ducts Endocrine: neurotransmitters; Exocrine: hormones Endocrine: immediate response; Exocrine: delayed response Endocrine: chemicals secreted into ducts; Exocrine: chemicals secreted into blood

Endocrine: chemicals secreted into blood; Exocrine: chemicals secreted into ducts

What are hormones and how do they function in the body? Lipids produced by skin, absorbed by tissues, provide energy Electrical signals transmitted by neurons, travel through synapses, affect adjacent cells Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine glands, travel through bloodstream, affect other tissues Proteins synthesized by liver, circulate in blood, regulate metabolism

Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine glands, travel through bloodstream, affect other tissues

What are chemical signals and how do they interact with cell membranes? Direct passage through cell membranes without receptors Interaction with cytoplasmic enzymes to catalyze reactions Receptors on outside of cell membranes for specific hormones that respond to hormone signals Binding to DNA inside the nucleus to initiate transcription

Receptors on outside of cell membranes for specific hormones that respond to hormone signals

What are the two primary functions of the hypothalamus? Make hormone, control the release of hormones from the pituitary Regulate blood pressure, control heart rate Store calcium, produce vitamin D Filter blood, produce urine

Make hormone, control the release of hormones from the pituitary

What two hormones are created by the hypothalamus and what are their functions? Thyroxine - regulates metabolism; Calcitonin - lowers calcium levels Insulin - lowers blood sugar; Glucagon - raises blood sugar Adrenaline - increases heart rate; Noradrenaline - decreases heart rate Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - regulates water levels; Oxytocin - stimulates uterine contractions and milk production

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - regulates water levels; Oxytocin - stimulates uterine contractions and milk production

Where is the pituitary gland located and what composes it? In the throat, composed of thyroid and parathyroid glands Connected to and in front of hypothalamus, composed of posterior lobe and anterior lobe Above the kidneys, composed of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex Behind the stomach, composed of alpha and beta cells

Connected to and in front of hypothalamus, composed of posterior lobe and anterior lobe

What is the function of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? Receives and stores hormones from hypothalamus until they are required Controls the release of digestive enzymes Produces hormones independently of the hypothalamus Regulates calcium levels in the blood

Receives and stores hormones from hypothalamus until they are required

What are nucleotides made of, which are the building blocks of DNA? A nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group A carbohydrate, a lipid, and a nitrogen base A lipid, a sugar, and a phosphate group A protein, a sugar, and a nitrogen base

A nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA that pair to form the genetic code? Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine Adenine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

What significant contribution did James Watson and Francis Crick make to molecular biology? Built a model that explained the structure of DNA Developed the theory of evolution Discovered the double helix structure of RNA Identified the process of transcription

Built a model that explained the structure of DNA

What are the conditions required for population genetics to maintain allele frequencies? Large populations, random mating, no mutations, no migration Small populations, selective mating, frequent mutations, high migration Small populations, random mating, no mutations, no migration Large populations, selective mating, frequent mutations, high migration

Large populations, random mating, no mutations, no migration

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what do the variables p and q represent? p = frequency of homozygous genotype, q = frequency of heterozygous genotype p = frequency of heterozygous genotype, q = frequency of homozygous genotype p = frequency of recessive allele (a), q = frequency of dominant allele (A) p = frequency of dominant allele (A), q = frequency of recessive allele (a)

p = frequency of dominant allele (A), q = frequency of recessive allele (a)

How can the Hardy-Weinberg equation be used to determine the frequency of recessive alleles on the X chromosome? By analyzing the frequency of heterozygous females By determining the frequency of dominant alleles in males By equating the allele frequency to the number of males with a recessive phenotype By calculating the frequency of females with a recessive phenotype

By equating the allele frequency to the number of males with a recessive phenotype

In X-linked traits, what is the incidence of affected males and females? Incidence of affected males = frequency of dominant allele (p), incidence in females = p^2 Incidence of affected males = q^2, incidence in females = frequency of recessive allele (q) Incidence of affected males = frequency of recessive allele (q), incidence in females = q^2 Incidence of affected males = p^2, incidence in females = frequency of dominant allele (p)

Incidence of affected males = frequency of recessive allele (q), incidence in females = q^2

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