What is the term for a mutation that alters the structure of a chromosome? Chromosome Mutation: Rearrangement Chromosome Mutation: Aneuploidy Chromosome Mutation: Polyploidy Rearrangement: Duplication

Chromosome Mutation: Rearrangement

What type of chromosome mutation alters the number of chromosomes? Rearrangement: Deletion Chromosome Mutation: Polyploidy Chromosome Mutation: Aneuploidy Chromosome Mutation: Rearrangement

Chromosome Mutation: Aneuploidy

What type of chromosome mutation alters the number of sets of chromosomes? Rearrangement: Inversion Chromosome Mutation: Rearrangement Chromosome Mutation: Polyploidy Chromosome Mutation: Aneuploidy

Chromosome Mutation: Polyploidy

What is the process called where DNA replicates to produce two identical copies, each containing one original and one new strand? Complementarity Transcription Semi-Conservative DNA Replication Translation

Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

What are enzymes and what role do they play in cellular reactions? Lipids that form cell membranes. Carbohydrates that provide energy. Proteins that store genetic information. Biological catalysts involved in virtually all cellular reactions.

Biological catalysts involved in virtually all cellular reactions.

What are cofactors and what types are commonly found in enzymes? Proteins that act as enzymes. Lipids that provide structural support. Carbohydrates that serve as energy sources. Non-protein components like metal ions and coenzymes.

Non-protein components like metal ions and coenzymes.

What factors influence reaction rates in chemical processes? Concentration of products. Kinetic energy of reactants and activation energy required. Presence of inhibitors. Temperature and pressure only.

Kinetic energy of reactants and activation energy required.

What is the transition state in a chemical reaction? A stable intermediate compound. A combination of old and new bonds created during a reaction. The final state of products. The initial state of reactants.

A combination of old and new bonds created during a reaction.

What conditions must be met for reactant molecules to successfully collide and react? High temperature only. Low pressure environment. Presence of a catalyst. Specific orientation and energy.

Specific orientation and energy.

What are the key properties of enzymes? Only work at high temperatures, non-specific. Altered irreversibly, required in large amounts. Consumed in reactions, non-specific, large quantities needed. Required in small amounts, not consumed, highly specific.

Required in small amounts, not consumed, highly specific.

What is a substrate in the context of enzyme activity? A type of enzyme. The material or substance on which an enzyme acts. A cofactor required for enzyme activity. A product of enzyme reactions.

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Where do substrates bind and react on an enzyme? On the enzyme's surface. At the enzyme's tail. In the enzyme's core. At the active site of the enzyme.

At the active site of the enzyme.

What is the structure and function of an enzyme's active site? A flat surface on the enzyme. A random area on the enzyme. A groove or pocket formed by amino acids where substrates bind. A rigid structure that does not change.

A groove or pocket formed by amino acids where substrates bind.

What is an induced fit in enzyme activity? A rigid binding of substrate without change. A permanent change in enzyme structure. A conformational change in the enzyme upon substrate binding. A random movement of enzyme parts.

A conformational change in the enzyme upon substrate binding.

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