What anatomical feature is labeled '4' in the vertebral diagram? Spinous process Transverse process Cranial articular process Lateral vertebral foramen (of axis)

Lateral vertebral foramen (of axis)

What is smooth muscle and where is it predominantly found? Nonstriated, voluntary muscle found in the heart Striated, voluntary muscle found in limbs Striated, involuntary muscle found in the skin Nonstriated, involuntary muscle found in hollow organs and tubes

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle found in hollow organs and tubes

Are contractile fibers arranged in sarcomeres in smooth muscles? Yes, they are arranged in sarcomeres No, they are not arranged in sarcomeres They are arranged in a different pattern Only in certain types of smooth muscles

No, they are not arranged in sarcomeres

Describe two characteristics of smooth muscle contractions. Contraction alters dimensions of organ and lasts longer than skeletal muscle Contraction is quick and does not alter organ dimensions Contraction is similar to cardiac muscle and lasts shorter Contraction is weak and does not affect organ function

Contraction alters dimensions of organ and lasts longer than skeletal muscle

What are the types of smooth muscle? Fast-twitch and slow-twitch Voluntary and involuntary Cardiac and skeletal Single unit (visceral) and multi-unit

Single unit (visceral) and multi-unit

How do single-unit smooth muscle fibers work? Through chemical signals only In a syncytial fashion, where electrical stimulation of one cell leads to stimulation of adjacent cells Independently, without affecting adjacent cells By direct nerve stimulation only

In a syncytial fashion, where electrical stimulation of one cell leads to stimulation of adjacent cells

Where are single-unit smooth muscles found? Eyes, ears, nose, throat Heart, lungs, brain, liver GI tract, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, small blood vessels Skin, bones, joints, tendons

GI tract, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, small blood vessels

What is the difference between single-unit and multi-unit smooth muscles? Multi-unit muscles are electrically connected, single-unit are not Single-unit muscles are electrically connected, multi-unit are not Neither are electrically connected Both are electrically connected

Single-unit muscles are electrically connected, multi-unit are not

How do actin and myosin in smooth muscle compare to those in skeletal muscle? Filaments are longer and arranged centrally with more myosin Filaments are longer and arranged around the periphery with less myosin Filaments are the same length and arranged similarly with equal myosin Filaments are shorter and arranged randomly with more myosin

Filaments are longer and arranged around the periphery with less myosin

What is the primary goal of unsupervised learning algorithms, and how does it differ from supervised learning? To find patterns without explicit feedback; unlike supervised learning, which uses labeled data. To minimize loss using labeled data, similar to supervised learning. To classify data into predefined categories. To predict future outcomes based on historical data.

To find patterns without explicit feedback; unlike supervised learning, which uses labeled data.

What are the key tasks of unsupervised learning? Select all that apply. Predict future trends, classify data, optimize algorithms. Segment data, enhance image quality, increase resolution. Find clusters, model data density, find hidden causes, reduce dimensionality. Minimize loss, use labeled data, improve accuracy.

Find clusters, model data density, find hidden causes, reduce dimensionality.

What are the key utilities of unsupervised learning in data analysis? Predict outcomes, classify data, enhance accuracy. Minimize errors, use labeled data, improve precision. Segment images, increase resolution, enhance quality. Compress data, detect outliers, facilitate other learning.

Compress data, detect outliers, facilitate other learning.

What are the three main classes or types of unsupervised learning, and what do they involve? Data mining, data cleaning, data transformation. Clustering, density estimation, dimensionality reduction. Supervised learning, reinforcement learning, semi-supervised learning. Regression, classification, prediction.

Clustering, density estimation, dimensionality reduction.

What are the applications and assumptions associated with clustering in data analysis? Error minimization, precision enhancement, accuracy increase; assumes consistent data. Data classification, trend prediction, accuracy improvement; assumes labeled data. Image enhancement, resolution increase, quality improvement; assumes uniform data distribution. Prediction, outlier detection, lossy compression, data segmentation; assumes data from different classes.

Prediction, outlier detection, lossy compression, data segmentation; assumes data from different classes.

What is K-means clustering, and what assumptions are associated with it? Categorizes data into K classes assuming Euclidean space. Predicts future trends using historical data. Classifies data into predefined categories. Enhances image quality by increasing resolution.

Categorizes data into K classes assuming Euclidean space.

What are the steps involved in the K-means clustering algorithm? Predict outcomes, classify data, optimize algorithms. Minimize errors, use labeled data, improve precision. Initialize centroids, assign data points, update centroids, repeat until convergence. Segment images, increase resolution, enhance quality.

Initialize centroids, assign data points, update centroids, repeat until convergence.

What is the objective of the K-means algorithm, and how is it mathematically represented? Enhance the quality of image segmentation. Increase the resolution of data points. Maximize the accuracy of predictions. Minimize distances of data points to their cluster centroids.

Minimize distances of data points to their cluster centroids.

How do you optimize the K-means objective function? Increase the resolution of data points using stochastic gradient descent. Maximize the accuracy of predictions using gradient descent. Enhance the quality of image segmentation using backpropagation. Minimize each variable one at a time using block coordinate descent.

Minimize each variable one at a time using block coordinate descent.

Mathematically describe the K-means steps. What do the assignment and update steps look like? Assign data points to nearest mean using arg min, update means using sample means. Predict outcomes using regression, classify data using decision trees. Minimize errors using loss functions, improve precision using optimization algorithms. Enhance image quality using convolutional layers, increase resolution using pooling layers.

Assign data points to nearest mean using arg min, update means using sample means.

What characteristics do all animals share? Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, lack cell walls Single-celled, heterotrophic, prokaryotic, lack cell walls Single-celled, autotrophic, prokaryotic, have cell walls Multi-cellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic, have cell walls

Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, lack cell walls

What are invertebrates? Animals with a dorsal nerve cord Animals that lack a backbone or vertebral column Animals with a backbone or vertebral column Animals that have a notochord

Animals that lack a backbone or vertebral column

What are Chordates? Phylum Mollusca, about 20% Phylum Arthropoda, more than 50% Phylum Chordates, fewer than 5% Phylum Annelida, about 10%

Phylum Chordates, fewer than 5%

What are the four characteristics that all Chordates exhibit? Dorsal solid nerve cord, notochord, tail beyond anus, gills Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, tail beyond anus, pharyngeal pouches Ventral nerve cord, backbone, tail beyond anus, pharyngeal slits Ventral hollow nerve cord, backbone, tail beyond anus, lungs

Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, tail beyond anus, pharyngeal pouches

What is a notochord? A long-supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord A structure that develops into the brain A fluid-filled cavity in the body A type of cell found in the nervous system

A long-supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord

What is a pharyngeal pouch? A pouch that stores food in the digestive system A cavity that holds the heart and lungs Paired structures in the throat region called pharynx that may develop into gills A pouch that contains reproductive organs

Paired structures in the throat region called pharynx that may develop into gills

What do animals do to survive? Only gather/respond to information Only obtain/distribute oxygen and nutrients Maintain homeostasis, gather/respond to information, obtain/distribute oxygen and nutrients Only maintain homeostasis

Maintain homeostasis, gather/respond to information, obtain/distribute oxygen and nutrients

Science

Flashcard >
Science

Flashcard sets

View All

Urology

Comprehensive Study of Kidney Functions and Structures in Human Physiology

user_kumartyv

Fill in Blanks 15 Cards

Anatomy

Large Animal Anatomy Midterm Bones

user_hassanuml

MCQ 100 Cards

Physiology

Comprehensive Study of Smooth Muscle Structure and Function

snashuhaimdinx

MCQ 64 Cards

Textbooks

View All

Expert Q&A

View All

Urology

Comprehensive Study of Kidney Functions and Structures in Human Physiology

user_kumartyv

Fill in Blanks 15 Cards

Anatomy

Large Animal Anatomy Midterm Bones

user_hassanuml

MCQ 100 Cards

Physiology

Comprehensive Study of Smooth Muscle Structure and Function

snashuhaimdinx

MCQ 64 Cards

Artificial Intelligence

Lecture 15 - K-Means Clustering

mmoranwkf

MCQ 18 Cards

Zoology

Characteristics and Classification of Animals: A Comprehensive Study

user_lira_cofre

MCQ 38 Cards

Zoology

Identification and Characteristics of Marine Mammals and Primates

mmoranwkf

MCQ 24 Cards

Gastroenterology

Learning Objectives for Chapter 24

user_lira_cofre

MCQ 17 Cards

Nursing

Understanding Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in Clinical Settings

user_kambeorv

MCQ 24 Cards

Microbiology

Comprehensive Study of Microbial Structures, Functions, and Pathogenicity

user_lira_cofre

MCQ 100 Cards

Life Science

Chapter 15 science vocab

letadla123oigko

Term / Definition 17 Cards

Ecology

Understanding Ecological Concepts: Organisms, Environments, and Interactions

user_lira_cofre

Fill in Blanks 7 Cards

Anatomy

Reproductive unit & external cat anatomy

user_hodr

Term / Definition 15 Cards

Optometry

Comprehensive Optometry Concepts: Visual Acuity, Refraction, and Accommodation

snashuhaimdinx

Fill in Blanks 100 Cards

Parasitology

Comprehensive Study of Malaria and Related Parasitic Diseases

user_kumartyv

Fill in Blanks 100 Cards

Radiology

Comprehensive Radiography and Medical Imaging Concepts Flashcards

user_bscs_2022_fast_

MCQ 30 Cards